Ⅱ.重点句型详解

1．Then_came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.

接着传来了令人烦恼的消息——多莉得了重病。

(1)表示方位、时间或方式的副词或介词短语，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the

room, on the wall等置于句首时，句子倒装。

①Look, here comes the bus.看，公共汽车来了。

②Out rushed the children.孩子们冲了出去。

③There goes the bell.铃响了。

(2)本句中的news与that Dolly had become seriously ill是同位语关系。一个名词或代词后面有时可接一个单词、短

语或从句，对前者做进一步的解释，说明它指的是谁或是什么，这就是同位语。

①We heard of the news that our team had won.

我们听说了我们队赢了这一消息。

②We must face the fact that we have run out of all the money.我们必须面对我们已花完了钱这一事实。

[即境活用1]　(1)In the dark forests ______， some large enough to hold several English towns.

A．stand many lakes　　　　 B．lie many lakes       C．many lakes lie          D．many lakes stand

答案：B

解析：表地点的介词短语放在句首时用完全倒装，表示某物位于某处用动词lie.

(2)Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class ______ he had to meet his uncle at the

airport.

A．why        B．that      C．where        D．because

答案：B

解析：考查同位语从句。句意为：他没来上课，因他必须到机场接他叔叔，没人相信这个理由。his reason后接同位语

从句，由for being absent from the class隔开，从句是个完整的句子，故选B项。

2．Did she die young because she was a clone?

因为她是克隆的，所以才早逝了吗？

young 为形容词，在句中做状语。

在描绘性文字中，形容词(短语)或形容词化的分词有时起状语作用，说明主句所述的原因、时间或主语所处境况或意义增补。

(1)表原因

表原因的形容词(短语)或形容词化的分词多放在句首，句子的主语亦是其逻辑主语。表原因的形容词(短语)相当于原因状

语从句。如：

Thirsty and hungry (＝As he was thirsty and hungry), he went to a farmer‘s cottage to ask for

something to eat.

由于又饥又渴，他来到一家农舍要点吃的。

Frightened(＝Because she was frightened), she asked me to go with her.

由于害怕，她要我跟她一起去。

(2)表时间

形容词(短语)表主语动作发生的时间，放在句首。其作用相当于一个时间状语从句。如：

Ripe (＝When they are ripe), the oranges taste sweet.

这些橘子熟了时，味道甜美。

(3)说明主语的境况或意义增补

形容词(短语)表示主语所处境况或意义增补时，常放在句末。相当于一个和前面句子并列的句子。如：

Holmes found the man lying on the floor, dead (＝and he was dead). 福尔摩斯发现那个人躺在地板上，死

了。

One woman was lying in bed, awake (＝and she was awake).

有位妇女醒着躺在床上。

For a moment she just stood there, unable (＝and she was unable) to believe what had just happened.

她在那儿呆呆地站了一会儿，不敢相信刚才发生的事情。

[即境活用2]　(2008•北京)After the long journey, the three of them went back home, ______.

A．hungry and tiredly      B．hungry and tired      C．hungrily and tiredly       D．hungrily and tired

答案：B

解析：本题考查形容词做状语。