Ⅱ.重点句型详解

1．Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip. 从高中起，我姐姐王薇和我就一直梦想作一次伟大的自行车旅行。

ever since “从那以后”，句子要与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用，类似的时间状语还有 so far, up till now, by now, recently, lately, since last month, in/for the past＋ 一段时间，since...ago等。

①He came to England three years ago and has lived here ever since.他三年前来到英国，从那以后便一直住在这里。

②I haven't seen her since ten years ago.自十年前至今，我没见过她。

③We have completed half of the work so far.到目前为止，我们完成了一半的工作。

④He hasn't written to me recently.他最近没给我写信。

⑤The couple have been working very hard for/in the past (last) ten years.在最近的十年里这对夫妇一直努力工作。

拓展：It is/was/has been＋时间段＋since...自从……已经多久了。

It will be/was＋时间段＋before...再有多长时间才……

在 “It is/was＋时间段＋since...”句型中，若 since从句中的动词为延续性动词，句子意思要发生变化。

It is three years since he joined the army. 他参军3年了。

It is three years since he smoked.他戒烟3年了(不吸烟)。

[即境活用1]　

(2009•天津南开中学)How long do you suppose it is ______ he arrived there?
A．when　 B．before  C．after D．since

解析：考查 “It is＋一段时间＋since...”，表示“自从……到现在多长时间”。

答案：D

2．When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸困难而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。

be＋adj.＋to do在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋不定式”结构中，不定式与主语在意义上是动宾关系，但要用主动形式表被动意义；如果不定式的动词是不及物的，要在不定式后边加介词。用于这种句式中的形容词常为：easy, difficult, heavy, hard, nice, bitter, dangerous, interesting, important, comfortable, pleasant, impossible 等。

①The question is easy to answer.这问题容易回答。

②That book is difficult to understand.那本书难懂。

③The water in that river is not fit to drink.那条河中的水不宜饮用。

④Harry Potter is pleasant to read.《哈利•波特》读起来让人感到愉快。

⑤He is easy to get along with.他很容易相处。

拓展：此句式还可以拓展为 “find/feel/think/believe＋宾语＋adj.＋to do”。例如：

I find English tongue twisters pleasant to learn.我觉得英语绕口令学起来很有意思。

[即境活用2]　

(1)(2008•全国Ⅰ)I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ______.
A．to be breathed B．to breathe C．breathing D．being breathed

解析：考查 be＋adj.＋to do结构。

答案：B

(2)They found the lecture hard ______； they all felt sleepy.

A．to be understood B．for understanding C．to understand D．to have been understood

解析：考查 “find＋宾语＋adj.＋to do”结构。

答案：C

3．Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。

“once＋状语从句”意为“一旦……就……”。

在 once引导的状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。

①Once you remember it, you'll never forget it.一旦你记住它，你就永远不会忘记它。

②Once you have promised, you must do it.一旦你许下诺言，你就必须履行。

拓展：once 用做副词，可表示：

(1)(for) one time 一次

I have only been here once. 我只来过这儿一次。

(2)at some time in the past 一度，曾经

He once lived in Zambia. 他曾经(一度)住在赞比亚。

(3)all at once＝suddenly 突然

All at once the door opened. 突然门开了。

[即境活用3]　

(2007•福建)You will be successful in the interview ______ you have confidence.
A．before B．once  C．until D．though

解析：考查 once引导带有时间意味的条件状语从句，意为“一旦……就……”。

答案：B

4．A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is.一个意志坚定的人总是努力完成工作，不管它多么困难。

no matter ，作“不管”“无论”解，同 what/who/when/where/how 等疑问词连用，引导让步状语从句。

①No matter what he says, I won't believe him.不管他说什么，我都不会相信他。

②No matter when you come, you are welcome.无论你什么时候来都受欢迎。

③No matter whose bag this is, it must be kept here for the present. 不管这是谁的包，暂时必须放在这里。

④No matter who knocks, don't open the door.不管谁敲门，都不要开门。

提示：(1)no matter what/who/when/how/where 可以换成 whatever/whoever/whenever/however/wherever 引导让步状语从句。

(2)whatever, whichever，whoever, whomever 还可以引导名词性从句。 Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 任何违犯了法律的人都应受到惩罚。

(3)however 是副词，修饰形容词、副词＋主＋谓； whatever 是代词，修饰的是名词。如：

①However difficult it is, you must work it out.
不管有多难，你都要解决这件事。

②Whatever difficulty there is, we must work together.
不管有什么样的困难我们都要团结合作。

[即境活用4]

(1)(2008•上海)______ well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.
A．However B．Whatever C．No matter D．Although

解析：考查 “however＋adj.＋主＋系动词”引导让步状语从句。

答案：A

(2)(2008•全国Ⅰ)The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit ______ the season.
A．whatever B．wherever  C．whenever D．however

解析：whatever 引导让步状语从句，意为“不管什么”。该句后半部分的完整形式应该是 whatever the season is。

答案：A