沪江英语 > 英语时态 > 现在进行时

一般现在时(The Present Indefinite)表示现在成为习惯或经常性的动作;现在进行时(The Present Continuous)则表示现在正在进行的动作。

1.1 现在进行时的构成
肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + 现在分词...
否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not + 现在分词...
疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 现在分词...?
疑问代词/疑问副词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 现在分词...?

1.2 现在进行时的肯定句
句型:主语 + am/is/are + 现在分词...

构成方式:


They are cleaning the house.他们在打扫屋子。
He is brushing his teeth.他正在刷牙。
Mother is waiting for me.母亲在等我。

1.3 现在进行时的否定句
句型:主语 + am/is/are + not + 现在分词...
现在进行时的否定句是在助动词am/is/are后加not:

I'm not doing anything right now.我现在没做什么事情。
She is not dancing,but doing exercise.她不是在跳舞,而是在锻炼。

1.4 现在进行时的疑问句
一般疑问句句型:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 现在分词...?
回答方式:Yes,主语 + am/is/are.
No,主语 + am/is/are + not.
现在进行时的疑问句是将助动词am/is/are置于主语之前(大写am/is/are的第一个字母),在句尾加问号;这种语序是倒装语序:

Are you leaving already? 你这么早就要走了吗?
Is it raining now? —Yes,it is./No,it isn't.现在下雨吗? ——是的,在下雨。/不,不下了。
Are they helping the old lady? —Yes,they are./No,they aren't.他们在帮助这位老妇人吗? ——是的。/不,没帮助她。
特殊疑问句句型:疑问代词/疑问副词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 现在分词...?
现在进行时的特殊疑问句是将疑问代词/疑问副词等置于助动词am/is/are之前(am/is/are的第一个字母无需大写),和一般疑问句差不多;这种语序是倒装语序。就主语提问时,将疑问代词或带有疑问限定词的名词词组置于助动词am/is/are之前,在句尾加问号;这种语序是陈述句语序:

Who are you waiting for? —I'm not waiting for anybody.你在等谁? ——我没在等谁。
What are you doing? —I'm just tying up my shoelaces.你在干什么? ——我在系鞋带。
What are you looking for? —I'm looking for my keys.你在寻找什么? ——我在找钥匙。
What time are you coming back? —I'm not sure what time I'm coming back.你打算什么时候回来? ——我不能肯定我将在什么时候回来。
What's your brother planning to do tomorrow? —He can't decide what to do.你兄弟明天打算做什么? ——他还没定要做什么。
Where are you going? —I'm going home.你到哪去? ——我回家去。
How are you feeling today? —I don't feel very well this morning.你今天感觉怎样? —今天早上我感觉不太舒服。
由于使用了be动词,因此进行时的否定句和疑问句的构成方式与be动词的否定句和疑问句的构成方式相同。

1.5 现在进行时的基本用法
1.表示说话时正在进行的动作
常和now连用,有时和动词如look,listen等连用,表示“现在”这一概念:

Listen! Birds are singing.听!鸟在歌唱。
Look! he train is just getting into the station.看!火车进站啦。
He is reading now.他在看书。
The river is flowing fast after last night's rain.昨夜下雨后,河水流速很快。
The house is being painted.房子正在上油漆。
2.表示现阶段正在进行着的动作
现阶段正在进行着的动作,不一定指说话时正在进行着的动作。常和at present(目前),this week(本周),these days(这几天)等时间状语连用:

We're looking for a house to rent for the summer.我们在找一栋房子想租一个夏天。
Are you trying to find a furnished house? 你是想找一栋有家具的房子吗?
What courses are you studying this term? 你这学期学哪几门课?
Don't take that ladder away. Your father's using it. 别把梯子拿走,你父亲在用。(即不一定现在用)
3.表示当前的动向
People are getting less tolerant of smoking these days.如今人们对吸烟较为难以容忍了。
Houses are costing more these days.如今房价越来越贵了。
She is resembling her mother more and more as the years go by.随着年龄的增长,她越来越像她母亲了。
4.表示事先计划好的动作(指将来)
表示一个在最近按计划将进行的动作或为将来安排好的活动,通常需要一个表示时间的状语:

We are spending next summer in England.我们将要在英国度过明年夏天。
I'm getting married tomorrow.我明天就要结婚了。
用arrive(到达),come(到来),go(走、离去),leave(离开)等动词的现在进行时描写行程安排,有“将到达”和“将离去”的意思:
He's arriving tomorrow morning on the 7:30 train.明天早上他将乘7时30分的火车到达。
Christmas is coming soon.圣诞节很快就到了。
I'm leaving England and going to live in Spain.我将离开英国去西班牙定居。
5.重复的动作
副词always(表示屡次),repeatedly(再三地),forever(老是、不断地)等可与进行时连用,表示不断重复的动作:
She's always helping people.她经常帮助别人。
He's always causing trouble.他总是在制造麻烦。
The little boy is forever asking questions.这小男孩老是没完没了地问问题。

1.6 一般现在时和现在进行时的区别
一般现在时表示经常性的动作;现在进行时表示暂时性的动作。

Do you ever eat meat? —No,I never eat meat.你平常吃肉吗? ——不,我从不吃肉。(习惯、经常性的动作)
I'm eating meat now.我正在吃肉。(暂时性的动作)
My brother always forgets to wash behind his ears.我弟弟老是忘记洗耳后根的地方。
现在进行时有时可代替一般现在时,表达说话人的某种感情色彩,与always,forever连用:
Our burglar alarm is forever going off for no reason.我们的防盗报警器不知怎么常常失灵。(含有抱怨的意思)
You are always forgetting the important thing.你总是把重要的事情忘掉。(表达不满情绪)
How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉怎样? (比How do you feel today? 显得更亲切些。)

现在进行时