积极的财政政策要加力增效。今年拟安排财政赤字1. 62 万亿元，比去年增加2700亿元，赤字率从去年的 2.1%提高到2.3%。
Our proactive fiscal policy must sustain the momentum of economic growth and increase economic returns. The government budget deficit for 2015 is projected to be 1.62 trillion yuan, an increase of 270 billion yuan over last year, which means that the deficit to GDP ratio will rise from last year’s 2.1% to 2.3%.

“增效”，因为这里讲的是经济相关，可以理解为经济效益，也是有很多不同的译法，例如：

① 讲究经济效益 take into consideration the economic benefits;
② 以最少的消耗取得最大的经济效益
obtain the maximum economic results at minimum costs;
③ 经济效益和社会效益
economic returns and social benefits

比去年增加2700亿元，这类结构前面遇到过很多次了，基本上都是毫无悬念的 an increase of 之类的译法。

which means that，也是一个梳理句子关系的处理方式，好处就是显得逻辑清晰，结构紧凑，避免再另起一句。和前面的 This means that 类似。

赤字率 the deficit to GDP ratio （赤字/GDP）

除了译文的这种表达，有时也不用对应名词，而是揉到句子里翻译，也说明对于看上去可能不好译的词，用句子结构来体现也是个办法。比如：

赤字规模比上年预算减少1500亿元，赤字率下降到 2%左右。
This deficit is 150 billion yuan less than budgeted last year, and the deficit will decrease to around 2% of GDP.

其中，中央财政赤字1. 12 万亿元，增加 1700 亿元；地方财政赤字 5000 亿元，增加 1000 亿元。
Of this amount, the central government deficit will account for 1.12 trillion yuan, an increase of 170 billion yuan, and local government deficit will account for 500 billion yuan, an increase of 100 billion yuan.

中央财政赤字 the central government deficit
中央，有时候是党中央，有时候是中央政府，需要分清楚。

“是”多少，之前有 report，register，stand at，reach，现在又有了新的译法 account for （共计，达）

增加 1700 亿元，再次出现 an increase of

处理好债务管理与稳增长的关系，创新和完善地方政府举债融资机制。
We need to find the right balance between managing debt and maintaining steady growth. We will develop and improve mechanisms for local governments to secure financing through bond issuance.

创新和完善地方政府举债融资机制，需要提取主干 “创新和完善XX机制”，英译时就成了 “创新和完善机制 to XX”，此类结构较为常见。

处理好·····的关系： find/get the right balance between
债务管理 managing debt
稳增长 maintaining steady growth
举债 bond issuance
举债融资 secure financing through bond issuance （理解逻辑结构）

适当发行专项债券。保障符合条件的在建项目后续融资，防范和化解风险隐患。
We will allow local governments to issue an appropriate amount of special bonds, ensure continued financing for eligible projects already under construction, and guard against and defuse risks and latent dangers.

适当发行专项债券，译文给这句补充了主语“地方政府”。翻译并不是单纯的语言转换，更重要的是还原、阐述信息，翻译完读者不能看不懂，看不懂就可能会投诉译者翻得不好。所以既要转换，又要解释。

适当发行 issue an appropriate amount of （转移修饰中心 adv→adj）
专项债券 special bonds
专项转移支付项目 items receiving special transfer payments
符合条件的 eligible
防范和化解 guard against and defuse
风险隐患 risks and latent dangers / hidden risks
后续融资 continued financing

优化财政支出结构，大力盘活存量资金，提高使用效率。
We will improve the mix of budgetary spending, redouble our efforts to put government funds on hand into use, and strengthen the effectiveness of government spending.

优化 optimize/ improve/ upgrade （每个中文词都有很多对应）
结构 mix
大力（全文11次）： redouble our efforts / channeled great energy
财政支出 budgetary spending / financial expenditure /spending
盘活存量资金 put government funds on hand into use (前面有类似的表达，这里译得更好)

继续实行结构性减税和普遍性降费，进一步减轻企业特别是小微企业负担。
We will continue to make structural tax reductions and cut fees across the board so as to further lighten the burden on enterprises, particularly small and micro businesses.

so as to，增译的逻辑链接成分。

“特别是”，这种地方经常用插入语单独列出来，常常在后面。

例如：支持农产品加工特别是主产区粮食就地转化
We will offer support for agricultural products to be processed locally, particularly for grain processing in major grain-growing areas

结构性减税 structural tax reductions
普遍性降费 cut fees across the board

稳健的货币政策要松紧适度。广义货币M2预期增长12%左右，在实际执行中，根据经济发展需要，也可以略高些。
We will pursue prudent and balanced monetary policy. The M2 money supply is forecasted to grow by around 12% in 2015, but the actual supply may be slightly higher than this projection depending on the needs of economic development.

广义货币 Broad money （M2 ）
广义货币供应量 The M2 money supply
经济发展需要 the needs of economic development