Ⅱ.重点句型详解

1．I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago.

我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”。我曾经写过很久以前奥林匹克运动会的情况。

(1)what you call“Ancient Greece”是由 what引导的宾语从句，做介词 in的宾语，同时 what在宾语从句中做 call的间接宾语。what可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句等名词性从句，它的含义也比较广泛，可以指事、物、时间、地点、言语、情况等。

①The boss seems not satisfied with what we have done.

老板似乎对我们所做的事不满意。

②We waited what seemed two hours.

我们等了大约两个小时。

③Who invented what is called “wheel”？

谁发明了叫做“轮子”的东西？

(2)used to意为“过去常常”，后接动词原形，其否定和疑问形式，可以使用 used，也可以借助助动词 did。

Your father used to drink a lot, didn't he/usedn't he?

你父亲曾喝酒很厉害，对不对？

He didn't use/usedn't to drive to work.

他过去不曾开车上班。

拓展：

①used to do 表示过去经常做某事，也可以表示过去的状态。

be used to doing 意为“习惯于”，be 也可换成 get或 become。

be used to do 意为“被用于做……”，是被动语态。

It used to be a very quiet town.

它过去曾是个非常安静的城镇。

The man got used to living in the countryside.

那个男人已习惯于住在农村。

Wood can be used to make paper.木头可用于造纸。

②used to 表示过去持续的状态或情况，客观地陈述过去的规则行为，现在已不存在此动作，不与表一段时间的状语连用；would表过去不大规则的行为动作，现在可能仍存在，常与 often, sometimes, frequently, for hours 等连用，但不与表示状态的动词连用。如：

There used to be an old temple on the hill.

从前山上有座古庙。

She would sit there for hours doing nothing at all.

她总是一连几个小时坐在那儿，什么也不做。

[即境活用1](1)(2008•天津模拟)He finds his daughter is quite different from ______ she was five years ago.

A．who　　B．what     C．how       D．which

解析：句意：他发现他女儿跟5年前大不一样了。what 引导宾语从句，并在从句中做表语。

答案：B

(2)(2009•惠州质检)When he was there, he ______ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.

A．would B．should

C．used to D．might

解析：强调过去一段时间一直持续的动作用 would。

答案：A

2．－How often do you hold your Games?

－Every four years.

——每隔多久举办一次奥运会？

——每四年。

every four years 每四年；每隔三年

every与基数词、序数词、other或 few连用，表示时间或空间的间隔，意为“每……；每隔……”，其具体结构为：

every＋基数词＋复数名词

every＋序数词＋单数名词

every other＋单数名词　意为“每隔……”

every few＋复数名词　意为“每隔……”。

①every four days 每隔三天

②every third day 每隔两天

③every other day 每隔一天

④every few days 每隔几天(注意 few前没有a)

[即境活用2]The teacher asked his students to leave a space in their exercise books______.

A. every a few lines B. each a few lines

C. every few lines D. each few lines

解析：“每/每隔……”短语中只能用 every, 而不用 each；“every few＋名词复数”表示“每隔几……”，few前不能加 a。

答案：C

3．No other countries could join in, nor_could slaves or women！别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加。

nor/neither“也不”，置于句首引导分句，句子要用部分倒装。即：

“neither/nor＋be(助动词或情态动词)＋主语”，表示前面否定的情况也适合于下文另一人或物，相当于 either 用于否定句。当两个主语是同一个人或物时，只能用 nor。

①She isn't a student; neither/nor is he (＝he isn't a student, either). 她不是学生，他也不是。

②I don't know, nor do I care. (nor不能用 neither替换)

我不知道，也不关心。

拓展：(1)“so＋be(助动词或情态动词)＋主语”，表示上文肯定的情况也适合于下文另外一个人或物。

(2)“so＋主语＋be(助动词或情态动词)”则表示对前述情况的认同或强调，注意前后是同一主语，意为“的确”“确实”。

(3)So it is (was) with sb. (sth.)或 It is (was) the same with sb. (sth.)用于前面陈述的是两种以上的情况或既有肯定也有否定。

①—He dances well. 他舞跳得好。

—So do you. 你也跳得好。

②It's a fine day today. 今天是一个好天。

—So it is! 今天确实是一个好天！

③—He didn't work hard, so he failed the exam.

他不努力学习，所以考试失败了。

—So it was with me.我也是。

[即境活用3](1)(2009•南京质检)If you don't sign up for the game, ______.

A．I don't go, either        B．neither will I         C．so will I           D．nor do I

解析：if从句中用现在时代替将来时，但主句中需用将来时态，A、D时态不对。

答案：B

(2)You say he works hard. ______ , and ______.

A．So he does; so you do B．So he does; so do you

C．So does he; so do you D．So does he; so you do

解析：第一空表示对前述情况的认同“他确实很努力”，用 so he does；第二空表示这一情况也适合于你，“你也很努力”用 so do you。

答案：B

4．There's just as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals. 国与国之间争取奥运会承办权的竞争，就跟争夺奥运奖牌一样激烈。

as...as“像……一样”，引导比较状语从句。

as...as同级比较的形式有：

as＋adj./adv.＋as

as＋adj.＋可数名词复数形式或不可数名词＋as

as＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数形式＋as

注意：(1)同级比较的否定形式为 not so/as...as...。

(2)同级比较可修饰倍数、百分数、分数等。

(3)此结构中第二个 as可为连词也可为介词，做连词可引导一个比较状语从句，从句常用省略形式；做介词时，后接名词，也可接数量词表示某性质达到了什么程度。

①Asia is about four times as large as Europe.

亚洲大约是欧洲的四倍大。

②He owed as many thanks to his parents as (he owed) to his teachers. 他同样地感谢他的父母和老师。

③We walked as far as the lake last night.

昨晚我们散步远到湖边。

④He is not so friendly to me as I am to him.

他对我不像我对他那样友好。

⑤You must give flowers as much water as they need.

你必须给花浇足够多的水。

[即境活用4](1)—What do you think of French?

—In my opinion, French is ______ English.

A．a subject so difficult as B．as difficult a subject as

C．as a subject difficult as D．difficult as subject as

解析：考查 as...as表示同级比较。其中第一个 as是副词，后接 adj.＋a＋n.。

答案：B

(2)The farmers wondered if vegetables could bring in ______crops.

A．as many as         B．as good as          C．as much as         D．as well as

解析：此句意为“农民们想知道是否蔬菜能像庄稼一样带来同样多的 money (利润)”，故为 as much as。

答案：C

易 错 点 拨 自我完善•误区备考

1. allow/permit/let/admit

(1)allow强调“默许”。用法：allow sb. to do/allow doing sth.。

(2)permit有时可与allow通用，不过它的语气更强，也更正式，可表示“明文规定允许或不允许”，其用法为：permit sb. doing/permit sb. to do sth.。

(3)let与上面两个可以通用，不过更口语化，而且用法不同，其用法为：let sb. do sth.。

(4)admit其实只是表示“允许进入，接收(入学，入会等)”，其用法为：admit sb. to...，这里to是介词。除此之外，admit还可以解释为“承认”。

[应用1]　(1)The policeman _________ him to park here.

(2)We can’t stand by and ________ such a thing.

(3)Women were only _________ into the club last year.

(4)_________ me have a look ，will you?

permitted   ,    allow   ,     admitted   ,    Let

2. join/join in/join sb. in (doing) sth./take part in/attend

(1)join“参加”，指加入党派、社会团体、军队等并成为其中一员。

(2)join in表示“参加某种活动”，in可为介词，也可为副词。

(3)join sb. in(doing) sth.表示“参加某人所从事的活动”。

(4)take part in指参加群众性活动、会议并在其中起作用。take an active part in积极参与。

(5)attend是正式用语，指参加会议、婚礼、典礼；听报告、讲座等。一般指成为观众或听众。

[应用2](1)How many countries and areas________________ the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing?

有多少国家和地区参加了第29届北京奥运会？

(2)Many young girls ______ aerobics classes to keep slim.很多年轻的姑娘为了保持苗条身材而加入有氧健身班。

(3)The meeting was ___________ by 90% of share holders.

90%的股东出席了会议。

(4)I’m sure you’ll all _________________ wishing Ted and Lawra a very happy marriage.

我相信大家会愿意与我一起共祝特德和劳拉喜结良缘。

took part in   ,    join     ,     attended    ,    join me in

3. as well/too/also/either

这几个词都表示“也”，但用法不同：

(1)as well用于肯定句，置于句末。

(2)also比较正式，位置通常在主要动词前面或系动词be后面，不放在句末。

(3)too多用于口语，位置通常在句末，前面常有逗号；也可以在句中，前后都有逗号。

(4)as well, too, also这三个词都不用于否定句，否定句中用either。

[应用3]　(1)It won’t do them any good, but it won’t do them any harm _________________.

(2)I surfed the Internet last night. He did, ______.

(3)This pen will do ___________.

(4)He ______ enjoys playing table tennis in his spare time.

either   ,   too   ,    as well    ,    also