[即学即练5]

(1)What can we do to ___________________ this disease ______ ___________？我们能做什么来防止这种疾病蔓延呢？

(2)Don't ______ others ________ for long.不要让别人等太久。

答案：prevent/stop/keep from spreading；keep waiting

提示：(1)在被动句中 from 均不能省略。如：We were stopped/prevented/kept from going out by the heavy rain.大雨使我们无法外出。

(2)protect...from...中 from后接能带来伤害或损害之事物。如：They huddled together to protect themselves from the wind. 他们挤在一起，免受风吹。

6．cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋

cheer sb. up 使某人高兴；使某人振奋

cheer on 为……加油

cheer sb. 为某人喝彩

with good cheer 欣然地

Cheers! 干杯！祝你健康！(用于祝酒)

[即学即练6]

(1)______ ______！ The news isn't too bad.振作一点吧！也不是什么太坏的消息。

(2)Every time an English runner won a race, the crowd _________.每次英国选手赢得赛跑冠军，观众就欢呼。

(3)The crowd __________ their favourite horse ______.观众都替他们看好的马加油。

答案：Cheer up；cheered；cheered on

7．break out (战争、灾难、瘟疫等)突发；爆发(无被动语态)

①The Second World War broke out in September 1939.“二战”是1939年9月爆发的。

②A fire broke out in the neighborhood last night.昨晚居民区里发生了火灾。

拓展：break away from 脱离(政党等)；打破(陈套等)

break down 出故障，抛锚；(计划等)失败；(身体、精神等)垮掉；打倒，砸破；(化合物等)分解

break in 破门而入；闯入；打断(话语等)

break into 破门而入，突然……起来

break off 折断；突然中止，断绝，结束

break through 突破

break up 打碎，拆散；散开，解散；(学校)期末放假，(集会)结束

break into pieces 成为碎片

[即学即练7]　

介、副词填空

(1)She started to speak, then broke ______ while a waitress served us with coffee.

(2)He lost his job and his marriage broke ______.

(3)Her health broke ________ under the pressure of work.
答案：off；up；down

(4)Should another world war break ______， what would become of human beings?

(5)Firemen had to break the door ______ to reach the people trapped inside.

(6)The meeting broke ______ at eleven o'clock.

答案：out；down；up

8．watch out 注意；当心

watch out(for)＝ look out (for)密切注意；留神

take care 留神，注意

be careful 仔细，留神

watch it 当心，小心

watch over 照看；看守

keep a close watch/eye on 密切注视

[即学即练8]

(1)______ ______！ There is a car coming!当心！有车来了！

(2)______ ______ ______ cars while crossing the road.过马路时要当心车辆。

(3)______ ______ not to catch a cold.＝______ ______ not to catch a cold. 当心别着凉。
答案：Watch out；Watch out for；Be careful；Take care

Ⅱ.重点句型详解

1．This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.这就形成一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。

本句中 it做形式宾语，真正的宾语为不定式短语 for life to develop。it做形式宾语还可以代替动名词或从句。

①He thinks it his duty to help others.他认为帮助别人是他的职责。

②He made it a rule to get up at six every morning.他把每天早晨6点起床作为一项规定。

③We consider it no use going to the seaside.我们认为去海边没用处。

④We all consider it a pity that you didn‘t come to the party.我们都认为你没有来参加聚会很遗憾。

⑤I hate it when people speak with their mouths full.我不喜欢人们说话时嘴里有满满的东西。

⑥You may depend on it that we’re honest.你可以相信我们是诚实的。

拓展：it还可以做形式主语，代替真正的主语——不定式(或不定式复合结构)、动名词(或动名词复合结构)或从句。

(1)It's＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是……的。

(2)It's＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事……

(3)It's/was/...who/that...是某人/某物做……

(4)It is/was the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋主语＋have/had done...这是某人第……次做……

(5)It is (high) time that...＋主语＋did/should do...是……该做……的时候了。

(6)It's said/reported/believed/announced that...据说/据报道/据猜测/据称……

(7)It‘s a pity/a shame/a wonder...that...可惜/遗憾/奇怪……的是……

(8)It happens/appears/seems that... 恰巧/看来/好像……

(9)It looks/seems as if... 看起来好像……

(10)It’s up to sb. to do... 该某人做……了