4．abandon vt. 放弃，遗弃，抛弃；使任凭……摆布　n. 放任，放纵，狂放；无拘无束

abandon sth./sb. to sb. 舍弃某物/人而被别人取得

abandon sth. for sth. 舍弃某物去取另一物

abandon oneself to sth. 沉湎于某事

abandon sb. to the mercy of 听任某人由……摆布

abandon smoking 戒烟

abandon a project/plan 放弃一项方案/计划

with abandon 放肆地；恣意地

[即学即练4](1)The child ______________________ his parents.

这孩子被父母遗弃了。

(2)The crew _____________ the burning ship.

水手们离弃了燃烧着的船。

was abandoned by   ,    abandoned

(3)I ____________________________ of being a doctor.

我放弃了当医生的希望。

(4)She _______________ herself ______ despair.

她陷入绝望之中。

abandoned my hope   ,    abandoned    ,  to

5．reflect vt. 映射；反射vi.&vt. 思考，反省，深思

reflection n. 反射；反照；反映；映像

reflect sb./sth. in sth. (指镜子等)映出某人/物的影像

reflect sth. from sth. 从某物(表面)反射(光、热、声等)

reflect on/upon sth. 思考某事

be lost in reflection 陷入沉思中

[即学即练5](1)He looked at his face ____________ the mirror.

他看着镜子中自己的脸。

(2)The heat __________________ the white sand formed a mirage.

热气经白色的沙面反射形成蜃景。

(3)I need time to ____________ your offer.

我需要时间来考虑你的建议。

reflected in  ,   reflected from   ,   reflect on

6．aware adj. 意识到的；知道的

awareness n. 知道；认识；意识；兴趣

be/become aware of sth. 意识到某事(aware 通常做表语)

be/become aware that... 意识到……

as far as I'm aware 据我所知

make sb. aware of/that... 让某人知道……

[即学即练6](1)I don‘t think people ______ really _________ just how much it costs.

我认为人们并不真正明白这要花多少钱。

(2)Everyone present at the meeting should ______________ the risks involved.

该让出席会议的每个人都知道所涉及的风险。

are   ,       aware of   ,    be made aware of

(3)She suddenly __________________ people looking at her.

她突然注意到人们在看她。

(4)____________________________________， nobody has done anything about it.

据我所知，尚无人对此采取任何措施。

became aware of     ,      As far as I am aware

7．scare v. 恐吓，惊吓，害怕n. 惊吓，恐慌，恐惧

scared adj. 害怕的；担心的

scare sb. away/off 把某人吓跑/吓退

scare sb. into doing sth. 威胁/恐吓某人做某事

be scared of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某物

be scared of doing sth. 害怕发生某事

be scared to do sth. 害怕、恐惧做某事

be scared that 害怕……

(be) scared to death 吓得要死

[即学即练7](1)The scarecrow in the field is used to ______ the birds ______.

田地里的稻草人是用来吓跑小鸟的。

(2)They ______ the little boy ____________ foods in the supermarket.

他们威胁这个小男孩到超市里去偷食物。

scare   ,      away   ,   scared    ,      into stealing

(3)The little girl ________________________ out alone.

这个小女孩不敢一个人外出。

(4)I'm ____________ I'm going to fall.

我担心自己快掉下去了。

is scared of going    ,       scared (that)

8．help out 帮(……)分担工作，帮(……)脱离困境

help sb. with sth. 帮助某人干某事

help (sb.) (to) do sth. 帮助(某人)干某事

can't help to do 不能帮助干某事

can't help doing 禁不住干某事

can't help but do 只得，不得不

help oneself to 随便吃/用……

[即学即练8](1)Is there anything I can do to ____________？

我能帮上忙吗？

(2)He was obviously in some kind of trouble, but I didn‘t know how I could __________________.

他显然遇到了麻烦，但我不知道应怎样帮他。

help out   ,     help him out

(3)Can you ________________________ the maths problem？

你能帮我解决这道数学题吗？

help me out with