Part Ⅲ  Reading Comprehension  (45 minutes, 25 points, 1 for each )
Directions: There are five passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
 
Passage One
    Children live in a world in which science has tremendous importance. During their lifetimes it will affect them more and more. In time, many of them will work at jobs that depend heavily on science --- for example, concerning energy sources, pollution control, highway safety, wilderness conservation, and population growth, and population growth. As taxpayers they will pay for scientific research and exploration. And, as consumers,  they will be bombarded (受到轰击) by advertising, much of which is said to be based on science.
    Therefore, it is important that children, the citizens of the future, become functionally acquainted with science---- with the process and spirit of science, as well as with its facts and principles. Fortunately, science has a natural appeal for youngsters. They can relate it to so many things that they encounter ---- flashlights, tools, echoes, and rainbows. Besides, science is an excellent medium for teaching far more than content. It can help pupils learn to think logically, to organize and analyse ideas. It can provide practice in communication skills and mathematics. In fact, there is no area of the curriculum to which science cannot contribute, whether it is geography, history, language arts, music, or art!
     Above all, good science teaching leads to what might be called a “scientific attitude.” Those who possess it seek answers through observing, experimenting, and reasoning, rather than blindly accepting the pronouncements of others. They weigh evidence carefully and reach conclusions with caution. While respecting the opinions of others, they expect honesty, accuracy, and objectivity and are on guard against hasty judgments and sweeping generalizations. All children should be developing this approach to solving problems, but it cannot be expected to appear automatically with the mere acquisition of information. Continual practice, through guided participation, is needed. (293 words)
 
36. One of the reasons why science is important for children is that many of them will _____.
   A. work in scientific research institutions
   B. work at jobs closely related to science
   C. make the final decision in matters concerning science
      D. be fund-raisers for scientific research and exploration
      
37. There is no doubt that children like learning science because_____.
   A. science is linked with many of the things they meet
   B. science is a very easy subject for them to learn
   C. they encounter the facts and principles of science daily
   D. they are familiar with the process and spirit of science
      
38. Pupils can learn logical thinking while _____.
   A. practicing communication skills
   B. studying geography
   C. taking art courses
   D. learning science
      
39. People with a scientific attitude ____.
   A. are ready to accept the pronouncements of others
   B. tend to reach conclusions with certainty
   C. are aware that others are likely to make hasty judgments
   D. seek truth through observation , experimentation and reasoning
      
40. In the passage the writer seems to ______.
   A. prove that science is a successful course in school
   B. point out that science as a course is now poorly taught in school
   C. suggest that science should be included in the school curriculum
   D. predict that children who learn science will be good scientists
 
Passage Two
My surprise over the past few winters has been the personality transformation my parents go through around mid-December as they change from Dad and Mom into Grandpa and Grandma. Yes, they become grandparents and are completely different from the people I know the other eleven and a half months of the year.
  The first sign of my parents’ change is the delight they take in visiting toy and children’s clothing stores. These two people, who usually dislike anything having to do with shopping malls, become crazy consumers. While they tell me to budget my money and shop wisely, they are buying up every doll and dump truck in sight. And this is only the beginning of the holidays!
  When my brother’s children arrive, Grandpa and Grandma come into full form. First they throw out all ideas about a balanced diet for the grandkids. While we were raised in a  house where everyone had to take two bites of corm, beets (甜菜)，or liver (foods that appeared quite often on our table despite constant complaining), the grandchildren never have to eat anything that does not appeal to them. Grandma carries chocolate in her pockets to bribe (贿赂)the littlest ones into following her around the house, while Grandpa offers “surprises” of candy and cake to them all day long. Boxes of chocolate-pie disappear while the whole-wheat bread get hard and stale. The kids love all the sweets, and when the sugar raises their energy levels, Grandma and Grandpa can always decide to leave and do a bit more shopping or go to bed while my brother and sister-in-law try to deal with their highly active kids.
  Once the grandchildren have arrived, Grandma and Grandpa also seem to forget all of the responsibility lectures I so often hear in my daily life. If Mickey screams at his sister during dinner, he is “developing his own personality”; if Nancy breaks Grandma’s mirror, she is “just a curious child.” But, if I track mud into the house while helping to unload groceries, I become “careless”; if I scold one of the grandkids for tearing pages out of my textbook, I am “ impatient.” If Paula talks back to her mother, Grandma and Grandpa smile at her spirit. If I say one word about all of this excessive love, Mom and Dad reappear to have a talk with me about petty jealousies.      (398 words)
      
41. As regards his parents’ shopping for the grandchildren, the author ______.
   A. feels jealous                           B. feels amazed     
   C. thinks it unnecessary                    D. thinks it annoying
      
42. What happens after the kids have had all the sweets?
   A. They get highly energetic.
   B. They quiet down.
   C. They want more sweets.
   D. They go to bed.
      
43. Which of the following is NOT true of the visiting children?
   A. They behave very well.
   B. They like chocolate very much.
   C. They receive toys from their grandparents.
   D. They are having a lot of fun.
      
44. It can be inferred from the passage that when the author was a child, he______.
   A. liked the foods he had
   B. got a lot of pocket money
   C. was spoiled by his parents
   D. was scolded if he misbehaved
      
45. “Personality transformation” in the author’s parents means that they _______.
   turned into loving parents
   become strict parents
    longer care for the author
   to believe in discipline for children
Passage Three
   Diego Chiapello, legally blind since birth, isn’t one of Italy’s famous “mama’s boys” who live with their parents into adulthood. The 27-year-old lives alone in Milan, works as a network administrator, loves diving and dreams of sailing across the Atlantic with a sight-impaired（有视力障碍的）crew.
   Obviously, he’s not your average disabled person -----but especially so in Italy. The country has more barriers to integration than almost anywhere else on the Continent: among European countries, Italy ranks third from the bottom in accessibility for the disabled, ahead of only Greece and Portugal, People who use wheelchairs, especially, find it difficult to navigate the country’s cobblestone (鹅卵石) streets, ride buses or visit restaurants, shops and museums. Less than a quarter of Italy’s disabled hold jobs compared with 47 percent for Europe.
  But the biggest obstacle for the country’s physically challenged may, in fact, be the fabled Italian family. Because of the social defect that still attaches to disabilities, “ they tend to keep disabled people at home” and out of public view, explains Giovanni Marri, head of an employment training center in Milan that caters to the handicapped. Thus while 15 percent of the country’s families include a disabled person,  according to surveys, only 2 percent of Italians report going to school with a disabled person and only 4percent work with one.  
  Italians are beginning to recognize the problem. Over the past decade, the government has passed laws targeting everything from workplace discrimination to accessibility requirements. A recent study by the European Union found that 85 percent of Italians admit that public transportation and infrastructure (基础设施) are inadequate for the handicapped, and 97 percent say action is needed. But the biggest barrier is psychological. “Italian companies are afraid of hiring disabled people,” says Chiapello. The only way to alter that, he says, is for Italy’s disabled to do what he did--- get out of the house and demand change.   (318 words)
      
46. Which of the following words best describes “mama’s boys”?
   A. Ordinary.
   B. Optimistic.
   C. Dependent.
   D. Desirable.
      
47. In this passage, Chiapello is cited as an example of ______.
   A. unusual disabled Italians
   B. courageous blind sailors
   C. typical handicapped people
   D. vulnerable disabled Europeans
      
48. In Italy, where are the disabled people most likely to be?
   A. On the street
   B. At home
   C. In school
   D. At work
      
49. Italy’s general public will most probably agree that ______.
   A. physical inadequacies are the biggest obstacle for the disabled
   B. things should be done to remove the barriers against the disabled
   C. workplace prejudices toward the disabled are hardly recognizable
   D. disabled people should reduce the need of going to public places
      
50. What is the passage mainly about?
   A. Italy has not enough in aiding the disabled.
   B. Italy’s disabled people should get out of their houses.
   C. Italian people have been blind to troubles of the disabled.
   D. Italian ways of aiding the disabled should be encouraged.
    
Passage Four
 The average number of authors on scientific papers is sky-rocketing. That’s partly because labs are bigger, problems are more complicated, and more different subspecialties are needed. But it’s also because U.S. government agencies have started to promote “team science.” As physics developed in the post-World War Ⅱ era, federal funds built expensive national facilities, and these served as surfaces on which collaborations could crystallize naturally.
 Yet multiple authorship --- however good it maybe in other ways --- presents for journals and for the institutions in which these authors work. For the journals, long lists of authors are hard to deal with in themselves. But those long lists give rise to more serious questions when something goes wrong with the paper. If there is research misconduct, how should the liability be allocated among the authors? If there is an honest mistake in one part of the work but not in others, how should an evaluator aim his or her review?
 Various practical or impractical suggestions have emerged during the long-standing debate on this issue. One is that each author should provide, and the journal should then publish, an account of that author’s particular contribution to the work. But a different view of the problem, and perhaps of the solution, comes as we get to university committee on appointments and promotions, which is where the authorship rubber really meets the road. Half a lifetime of involvement with this process has taught me how much authorship matters. I have watched committees attempting to decode sequences of names, agonize over whether a much-cited paper was really the candidate’s work or a coauthor’s, and send back recommendations asking for more specificity about the division of responsibility.
  Problems of this kind change the argument, supporting the case for asking authors to define their own roles. After all, if quality judgments about individuals are to be made on the basis of their personal contributions, then the judges better know what they did. But if questions arise about the validity of the work as a whole, whether as challenges to its conduct or as evaluations of its influence in the field, a team is a team, and the members should share the credit or the blame.  (367 words)
      
51. According to the passage, there is a tendency that scientific papers__.                                              
   A. are getting more complicated
   B. are dealing with bigger problems 
   C. are more of a product of team work
   D. are focusing more on natural than on social sciences 
      
52. One of the problems with multiple authorship is that it is hard____.
   A. to allocate the responsibility if the paper goes wrong
   B. to decide on how much contribution each reviewer has made
   C. to assign the roles that the different authors are to play
   D. to correspond with the authors when the readers feel the need to
    
53. According to the passage, authorship is important when ______.
   A. practical or impractical suggestions of the authors are considered
   B. appointments and promotions of the authors are involved
   C. evaluators need to review the publication of the authors
   D. the publication of the authors has become much-cited
      
54. According to the passage, whether multiple authors of a paper should be taken collectively or individually depends on ______.
   A. whether judgments are made about the paper or its authors
   B. whether it is the credit or the blame that the authors need to share
   C. how many authors are involved in the paper
   D. where the paper has been published
      
55. The best title for the passage can be _____.
   A. Writing Scientific Papers: Publish or Perish
   B. Collaboration and Responsibility in Writing Scientific Papers
   C. Advantages and Disadvantages of Team Science
   D. Multiple Authors, Multiple Problems
    
Passage Five
    What produces a waterproof super glue, acts like a vacuum cleaner, and even teaches scientists about gene repair? The humble little shellfish known as the mussel ( 贻贝)
    Mussels are found worldwide. Some live in the sea. Others inhabit freshwater streams and lakes. When you try to move a mussel from a rock, you will discover what an incredibly firm grip it has --- a necessity if the mussel is to resist the sharp grab of a hungry seabird or the pounding waves of the sea. How does it manage to cling so tight? When it choose a place to set up home, it pokes its tongue-shaped foot out of its shell and presses it against a solid surface. Special glands give off a fluid mixture of proteins into a channel that runs the length of the foot. The liquid quickly hardens into a fine, elastic thread about an inch long. Then a tiny pad-like structure at the end of this thread gives off some natural glue-like substance, the mussel lifts its foot, and anchor line number one is complete. These strategically placed threads form a bundle, which ties the mussel to its new home in much the same way that ropes hold down a tent. The whole procedure takes only three or four minutes.
    Imagine having a very strong glue that is non-toxic and so flexible that it can penetrate the tiniest holes and corners, sticking to any surface, even under water. Shipbuilders would welcome it for repairing vessels without the expense of dry-docking them. Auto-body workers would like a really waterproof paint that keeps the rust out. Surgeons would value a safe glue to join broken bones and to close wounds… The list of possible uses appears endless.
    However, scientists are not thinking of using the mussels themselves to produce this super glue. It would take some 10,000 shellfish to make just one gram of glue. So collection enough mussels to supply the world’s demand for super glue would wipe out the mussel population, many species of which are already endangered. Instead, American researchers have isolated and cloned the genes for five mussel glue proteins, and they are about to mass-produce them in the laboratory. However, the mussel is still one jump ahead. Only the mussel instinctively knows the exact blend of proteins needed for each kind of surface. Molecular biologist Frank Roberto has asked admiringly: “How are you ever going to imitate that?”  (407 words)
      
 
56. A mussel grips a hard surface very firmly to ____.
   A. seal itself from being damaged by sea water
   B. produce the waterproof super glue
   C. protect itself from being blown away by strong wind
   D. protect itself from being the food of other animals
      
57. The waterproof super glue originates in _____.
   A. the mussel’s tongue-shaped foot
   B. some glands in the mussel’s body
   C. the thread given off by the mussel
   D. the channel of the mussel’s foot
      
58. To tie itself safely to a new home, a mussel must _____.
   A. produce a thread to anchor to the hard surface
   B. draw air and water from its pad-like structure
   C. hold down a tent as human beings do
   D. place many anchor lines strategically
      
59. Scientists are not thinking of using mussels to produce the super glue mainly because of _____.
   A. the possible mass-production of the super glue
   B. their concern about the cost of collecting mussels
   C. their concern about the extinction of the species
   D. the world’s limited demand for the super glue
     
60. The main idea of this passage is that _____.
   A. mussels can be used to produce super glue
   B. mussels are much smarter than we think
   C. it is important to protect mussels
   D. mussels have an amazing power useful to man
 
参考答案：36-40  B  A  D  D  C        41-45  B  A  A  D  D
46-50  C  A  B  B  D        51-55  C  A  C  A  D
56-60  D  B  D  C  D 
答案详解：
Passage One:
36. B。题干意为“科学对于孩子们来说很重要的原因之一是许多孩子将来会…”。本的关键在第二段的首句“Therefore, it is important that children, the citizens of the future, …”，从therefore“因此”，我们可以判断，科学对于孩子重要的原因应该是在这一段的前面进行论述的，再根据第一段的第二行“In time, many of them will work at jobs that depend heavily on science…”,可推出B为正确答案。
37. A。答案在第二段的第二行至第四行“Fortunately, science has a natural appeal for youngsters. They can relate it to so many things they encounter----”,这句话恰恰是本题题干和选项的变体。
38. D。本题为细节题。答案在第二段的第四、五行“Besides, science is an excellent medium for teaching far more than content. It can help pupils learn to think logically,…”. 第二句话中的 “it”指代前面提到的 “science”, 故可能推出“孩子们在学习科学的时候可以学会逻辑思维”。
39. D。本题答案在第三段的前两句，即“Above all, good science teaching leads to what might be called a “scientific attitude.” Those who possess it seek answers through observing, experimenting, and reasoning,…”。注意第二句中的 “those who possess it”的指代。
40. C。本题为推断题。从文章的句尾“All children should be developing this approach to solving problems, but it cannot be expected to appear automatically with the mere acquisition of information. Continual practice, through guided participation, is needed.”“所有的孩子都应该培养这种解决问题的方法，但不能期望这种方法可以仅仅通过获取信息而自动获得，而必须在指导下进行不断的练习。”，再加上全文对科学对孩子的重要性的论述，可以推出作者的态度应该是：提倡在学校的课程中应该包括科学这门重要的学科。
 
Passage Two:
41. B。题干是说“对于他的父母给孙子买东西这件事，作者是什么样的感受”。本题开篇就点出的本文的主题“My surprise over the past few winters has been the personality transformation my parents go through around mid-December as they change from Dad and Mom into Grandpa and Grandma.”“在过去几年中让我感到吃惊的是我的父母在从父亲母亲转变为祖父祖母后个性上所经历的变化”，本句中注意 “surprise”; 在第二段中，作者开始做具体叙述“The first sign of my parents’ change is …”接下来举的事例就是题干中提到的shopping for the grandchildren, 故答案应为B。这里amazed相当于surprise.
42. A。答案在第三段的倒数第三行“The kids love all the sweets, and when the sugar raises their energy levels,”。
43. A。本题可用排除法。题干意为“下列哪种说法不适合孩子在爷爷奶奶家的表现”，注意短语“be true of”“符合于，对…适用”。从第三段第四行“Grandma carries chocolate in her pockets to bribe (贿赂)the littlest ones into following her around the house, while Grandpa offers “surprises” of candy and cake to them all day long.”可排除B；从第二段中可排除C；从第二、三段的叙述可排除D。而从第三段的结尾和第四段的叙述，我们也能看出孩子们在爷爷奶奶家的表现并不好。故答案为A。
44. D。本题为推断题。答案在最后一段。首句“Once the grandchildren have arrived, Grandma and Grandpa also seem to forget all of the responsibility lectures I so often hear in my daily life. ”意为“一旦见到孙子孙女们，爷爷奶奶似乎也就忘记了我以前经常听到的所有关于责任的演说”，从这句话可以推出作者的父母对他的态度与对孙子孙女们的态度是完全不同的，再通过下面的例子，我们可以推出“作者小时候在做错事的时候就会受到责备。”
45. D。本题也是推断题。从整篇文章来看，主要是讲作者的父母在成为祖父以后就开始溺爱孩子，而从最后一段我们可以看出，他们以前对作者的要求是很严格的，故可推出正确答案为D。
  
Passage Three
46. C。本题答案就在第一段的第一句“Diego Chiapello, legally blind since birth, isn’t one of Italy’s famous “mama’s boys” who live with their parents into adulthood.” 。主要注意mama’s boys后面的定语从句，表示和他们的父母一起生活直到成年的那些人。故dependent“依赖的”为最佳答案。
47. A。本题答案在第二段的首句“Obviously, he’s not your average disabled person -----but especially so in Italy.”“他不是一个普通的残疾人”，故 “unusual disabled Italians”为正确选项。
48. B。本题答案在第三段第二行“Because of the social defect that still attaches to disabilities, “ they tend to keep disabled people at home”…”。
49. B。本题答案在最后一段的第三行“85 percent of Italians admit that public transportation and infrastructure (基础设施) are inadequate for the handicapped, and 97 percent say action is needed.” “85 percent of Italians”和“97 percent”即指general public。
50. D。本题为主旨题。答案主要可从最后一段得出。“the government has passed laws targeting everything from workplace discrimination to accessibility requirements”“政府采取了措施…”； “85 percent of Italians admit that public transportation and infrastructure (基础设施) are inadequate for the handicapped, and 97 percent say action is needed”“公众也认为需要采取行动…”；“The only way to alter that, he says, is for Italy’s disabled to do what he did--- get out of the house and demand change.”“唯一改变的方法就是支持鼓励残疾人…”，故正确答案为D。
 
Passage Four:
51. C。答案在第一段。“That’s partly because labs are bigger, problems are more complicated, and more different subspecialties are needed. But it’s also because U.S. government agencies have started to promote “team science.””“…部分是因为实验室更大了，问题…，而更多是因为…”，而也是因为美国政府开始促进“团队科学”，故答案为C。
52. A。答案在第二段第三行“But those long lists give rise to more serious questions when something goes wrong with the paper. If there is research misconduct, how should the liability be allocated among the authors?”
53. C。答案在第二段的最后一句话“If there is an honest mistake in one part of the work but not in others, how should an evaluator aim his or her review? ”“如果仅发现某一部分有错误，那么评估员应该如何进行评价呢”，因此可以推断当进行评估检查的时候，搞清原创作者就变得非常重要了”
54. A。答案在最后一段。首句“Problems of this kind change the argument, supporting the case for asking authors to define their own roles.”“这类的问题改变了论点，开始支持要求作者们定义自己的角色”，这实际上所指的就是题干当中的“文章的作者是应该当作集体来看还是个体看”；后面“if quality judgments about individuals are to be made on the basis of their personal contributions, then the judges better know what they did. But if questions arise about the validity of the work as a whole,” “如果是以个人的投稿来评判，…；如果是从整个作品来看，…”，由此可推出对作者的评判取决于评判是根据整个作品还是根据每个作者来做出的。故答案为A。
55. D。本题可用排除法。从整篇文章来看，主要讲的就是讲Multiple Authors“多个作者”及其所产生的“multiple problems”。
 
Passage 5:
56. D。本题答案在第二段第二行“When you try to move a mussel from a rock, you will discover what an incredibly firm grip it has --- a necessity if the mussel is to resist the sharp grab of a hungry seabird or the pounding waves of the sea.”注意破折号后面的解释：要防止“hungry seabird”和“pounding waves ”,故答案为D。
57. B。本题答案在第二段的第五行“Special glands give off a fluid mixture of proteins into a channel that runs the length of the foot.…” “特殊的腺发出一种流动的混合蛋白质…”，故答案为B。
58. D。本题答案在第二段倒数第三行“These strategically placed threads form a bundle, which ties the mussel to its new home in much the same way that ropes hold down a tent.”本句是非限制性定语从句，which指代前面的句子，也就是选项D所叙述的内容。
59. C。本题答案在最后一段的首句“However, scientists are not thinking of using the mussels themselves to produce this super glue. It would take some 10,000 shellfish to make just one gram of glue. So collection enough mussels to supply the world’s demand for super glue would wipe out the mussel population, many species of which are already endangered.”
60. D。本题是主旨题。本文通篇都是在讲“mussel”这种贻贝的特殊功能，故D最符合题意。
 
Part IV  Cloze  (10 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 for each )
Directions: In this part, there is a passage with twenty blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
In recent years a new farming revolution has begun, one that involves the 61 of life at a fundamental level – the gene. The study of genetics has 62 a new industry called biotechnology. As the name suggest, it 63 biology and modem technology through such techniques as genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies specialize in agriculture and are working feverishly to 64 seeds that give a high yield, that 65 diseases, drought and frost, and that reduce the need for 66 chemicals. If such goals could be achieved, it would be most  67 . But some have raised concerns about genetically engineered crops.
    In nature, genetic diversity is created within certain 68 .A rose can be crossed with a different kind of rose, but a rose will never cross with a potato. Genetic engineering, 69 usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into another 70 to transfer a desired characteristic. This could mean, for example, selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with anti-freeze 71 from an artic fish, and inserting it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant. 72, then, biotechnology allows humans to 73 the genetic walls that separate species.
    Like the green revolution, 74 some call the gene revolution contributes to the problem of genetic uniformity---some say even more so 75 geneticists can employ techniques such as cloning and 76 culture(培养), processes that produce perfectly 77 copies. Concerns about the erosion of biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants, however, raise new 78, such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment. “We are flying blindly into a new 79 of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes, few constraints, and little idea of the potential 80,” said science writer Jeremy Rifkin.
 
61. A. manipulation        B. management                C. manufacture         D. maturity
62. A. got along with         B. given rise to                 C. come up with        D. lived up to
63. A. broods               B. breeds                 C. blends               D. blasts
64. A. hatch                B. train                         C. duplicate          D. patent
65. A. restrict                    B. resist                  C. reverse             D. retrieve
66. A. hostile                B. hydraulic               C. hazardous                D. harmless
67. A. beneficial               B. disappointing              C. surprising                D. extreme
68. A. lines                  B. limits                    C. space                   D. ages
69. A. after all               B. on the other hand          C. in any case               D. as a rest
70. A. to the point            B. in no case                C. in an attempt             D. with regard
71. A. quality                B. property                  C. priority                     D. quantity
72. A. In essence            B. In part                   C. In advance                  D. In return
73. A. brake                B. blaze                     C. breach                      D. brand
74. A. what                B. as                       C. where                      D. so
75. A. that                  B. because                  C. if                          D. when
76. A. skin                  B. tissue                    C. organ                      D. muscle
77. A. resembling             B. alike                     C. similar                      D. identical
78. A. issues                B. height                    C. difficulties                   D. goals
79. A. spot                 B. era                      C. deadline                     D. scheme
80. A. navigation             B. mystery                  C. outcomes                   D. destination
参考答案：  61-65  A  B  C  C  B        66-70  A  A  C  B  C
71-75  A  A  C  B  A        76-80  C  D  A  B  C
答案详解：
1、短语辨析：62题，69题，70题，72题
62题 B。A get along with与…相处，B give rise to引起、带来，C come up with提出，
  D live up to实践，做到。根据上下文，是表示“基因研究带来了一种叫做生物
  技术的新行业”，故只有B符合题意。
69题 B。A after all 毕竟，B on the other hand另一方面， C in any case无论如何，D as
  a rest 作为一种休息。根据上下文，是表示“另一方面，基因工程通常都会涉及到…”
  故答案为B。
70题 C。A to the point 中肯，切题，B in no case决不，C in an attempt to do尝试、试
  图，D with regard to关于。根据上下文，A、B、D均不符题意，只有C后面可接不
  定式，表示“试图…”。
72题 A。A in essence大体，本质上，B in part 部分地，C in advance提前，预先，D in
  return作为报答。根据前后句意，应选A。
 
2、同义词、近义词辨析：，77题
77题 D。辨析：resemble(v)“像，类似”，identical：同一的，一样的，常可与same
  互换alike：常做表语，表示相像的，类似的，similar“相似的，类似的”，本文是表
  示“通过克隆技术生产出完全一样的复制品”，故identical最符题意。
 
3、形近词辨析：63题，65题， 71题，73题
63题 C。A brood“孵，一窝，一伙”，B breed“教养，品种”, C blend“混合”, D blast“一
  阵/股，爆炸”。根据题意“通过基因工程技术将生物学和现代技术相结合”，故应选
  择C。
  辨析：brood   breed   blend   blast
65题 D。A restrict“限制”，B. resist“抵抗，反抗”，C reverse“相反的”，D retrieve “找
  回，重新得到”。根据题意，意为“抵抗疾病、干旱和霜冻”， 答案只能为B。
  辨析：restrict    reverse   retrieve  retreat
71题 A。A quality“性质，质量”， B prosperity “繁荣”，，priority“优先”，D quantity“数
  量”，根据题意，表示“一种具有防冻性能的化学物质”，故应该用quality。
  辨析：quality    quantity
        priority    property
73题：A brake“刹车”，B blaze“火焰，燃烧”，C breach“裂口，打破”，D brand“商标，牌子”。根据上下文，答案只能为C，后面可以跟genetic walls 相搭配，意为“打破基因上的限制”。
  辨析：brake      blaze    breach     brand    blast
4、连接词
74 题 B。根据上下文，本题是表示“像绿色革命一样，一些人同样认为基因革命…”,故只有as符合。
75题 A。so that…为固定句型，表示“以致于…”，引导结果状语从句。         
5、其它：
61题A。A. manipulation “处理、操纵”，B. management “经营、管理”，C. manufacture “生产、制造”，D. Maturity“ 成熟、（票据）到期”。根据题意，是表示“”
64题 C。A. hatch“孵化，图谋，计划”，B. train“训练”，C. duplicate“复制”，D. patent
 “专利”。根据题意，是表示“一些生物技术公司在努力复制一些高产的种子”，故
  只有C符合题意。
66题 A。A hostile“敌对的，不利的”，B hydraulic“水力的，水压的”，C hazardous“危险的，冒险的”，D harmless“无害的”。根据题意，是表示“减少对害化学物质的需求”，故只有A符合题意。
67题A。A beneficial“有益的”，B disappointing“令人失望的”，C surprising“令人惊奇的”，D extreme“极端的，非常的”。根据题意，是表示“如果这些目标都能够实现的话，将是非常有益的” ，故答案只能为A。
68题C。根据题意，是表示“在一定范围内基因可以多样化” ，故应用space。        
 
76题C。A skin“皮肤”，B tissue“薄纱，（生物学）组织”，C organ“器官”，D muscle“肌肉”。根据题意，是表示“一些基因学家可以利用克隆和器官培养等技术”，故答案为C。
78题A。A. issues“问题”，B. height“高度”，C. difficulties“困难”，D. goals“目标”。根据题意，是表示“通过基因改变植物会带来很多问题，诸如…”，故只有“issues”符合题意
79题B。A. spot“污点，地点”，B. era“时代，纪元”，C. deadline“最后期限”，D. scheme“计划，方案”。根据题意，是表示“我们正在摸索着走进一个农业技术的新时代”，故只有 “era”符合题意。
80题C。A. navigation“航海，导航”，B. mystery“神秘”，C. outcomes “结果，成果”，D. destination“目的地”。根据题意，是表示“对可能会带来的潜在的后果考虑地很少”，故只有“outcome”最符题意。
 
Part I  Error Detection  (5 minutes, 5 points，0.5 for each )
Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C and D. Identify
the part of the sentence that is incorrect.
 
81. The farmer knows something that the whole civilized mankind seems to  have forgotten
       A                                 B                    C
 
, namely, when the resources of life on our planet are not inexhaustible.
             D
Note: D错，应改为that。本题测试同位语从句，the resources of life on our planet are not inexhaustible是前面something的同位语，因此引导词应用that。本题中要注意namely“也就是”这一单词的含义。
考点：同位语从句
 
82. Unable to see their business as a separate entity, many people fail to make a distinction
     A                                                        B
between their company and them.
  C                    D
Note: D错，应改为themselves。本句应用反身代词，因为主语是many people，后面是说他们的公司和他们自己之前。
考点：反身代词
 
83. As I looked at the carpet, I wished that it could speak, since it must witness many
                                  A         B         C
interesting events in the past decade.
               D
Note: C错，应改为must have witnessed。本句中有明显的表示过去的时间状语in the past decade，故应该是表示对过去的肯定推测，应用must have done形式。
考点：情态动词表推测
 
84. Twenty years in prison are a ridiculously harsh penalty for an action that was, after all, agreed upon by
                      A                                   B         C
 both people involved.
               D
Note: A错，应改为is。本题考查主谓一致。表示“时间、距离、金额”等的整体概念时，谓语动词用单数。
考点：主谓一致
 
85. The clever method was paid attention by very few technicians until the early 1970s.
                   A       B                         C   D
Note: B错，应改为paid attention to。被动语态的动词如果是不及物动词，必须加上介词，另外注意pay attention to为固定搭配。
考点：被动语态
 
86. The world’s remained tropical forests are being destroyed so fast that, at current trends, by the middle
               A                         B                 C
of this century, only the most inaccessible will remain.
                             D
Note: C错，应改为with。with current trends表示“以…的趋势”。
考点：介词固定搭配
 
87. They are newcomers and don’t realize what takes it to start and run a business here.
                            A      B   C              D
Note: C错，应改为it takes。宾语从句的语序应是陈述语序。
考点：宾语从句语序
 
88. I live in an apartment where you don’t have any sun and so can’t even grow anything in a flower pot
       A               B           C           D     
Note: B错，应改为I。本题前面主语是I, 前后代词应该保持一致。
考点：代词一致
 
89. The reason why I love watching Tony surf is because he is so graceful and beautiful when he surfs.
          A          B         C      D
Note: D错，应改为that。The reason后面接表语从句不能用because引导。
考点：表语从句
 
90. Hardly would he arrive at his office when his phone calls came in rapid succession.
              A                  B        C                 D
Note: A错，应改为had he arrived。Hardly…when…意为“刚一…就…”，hardly所在的主句应用过去完成时，when所在的从句用一般过去时。
考点：时态和倒装
 
 
Paper Two   试卷二
 
Part II  Translation (35 minutes, 20 points,10 for each section)
 
Section A
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
Another kind of distinction that can be made among works of art is whether they were intended as objects to be looked at or to be used. The fine arts, such as painting and sculpture, involve the production of works to be seen and experienced on an abstract level. Pieces of fine art may evoke emotional or spiritual responses in us. Those who love the fine arts feel that these responses are very valuable, for they expand our awareness of the great richness of life itself.
 
参考译文：
艺术品的另外一个显著特征是它是用来观赏的还是被使用的物品。精美的艺术品，如绘画和雕塑，都包含了看得见的和抽象体验的作品的制作。一件件精美的艺术品可以唤起我们情感和精神上的响应。热爱艺术品的人会觉得这些响应是非常有价值的，因为它们扩大了我们对生活本身丰富内涵的了解。
分析：
1、被动结构：
they were intended as objected to be looked at or to be used.
它是用来观赏的还是被使用的物品
ü         注：英语的被动句往往译成汉语后不带被字结构，注意符合汉语习惯
2、定语的处置：
（1）定语前置：the fine arts精美的艺术品
               emotional or spiritual responses情感和精神上的响应
ü         注意词语的选择
（2）定语后置：objects to be looked at or to be used 用来观赏的还是被使用的物品
               the production of works to be seen and experienced
看得见的和抽象体验的作品的制作
               our awareness of the great richness of life itself 我们对生活本身丰富内涵的了解
（3）定语从句：Another kind of distinction that can be made among works of art
艺术品的另外一个显著特征
Those who love the fine arts 热爱艺术品的人
ü         注：英语定语多后置，汉语多前置
3、状语的处置：…, for they expand our awareness of the great richness of life itself.
               …因为它们扩大了…
ü         注：for表示补充说明原因，无需提前
4、表语从句：…is whether they were intended as objects to be looked at or to be used
               它是用来观赏的还是被使用的物品
ü         注意whether的翻译
5、宾语从句：…feel that these responses are very valuable觉得这些响应是非常有价值的
Section B
Directions: Translate the following paragraph into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
在17世纪和18世纪，中国的艺术、建筑和哲学在西方很受欣赏。此外，中国的丝绸、茶叶和瓷器在西方也备受欣赏，并在一定程度上改变了许多西方的生活方式。进入20世纪后期，西方人再次转向中国文化。他们除了喜欢中国菜肴外，还学习汉语，尝试中国医药，练习中国武术，观看功夫电影。
参考译文：
During the 17th and 18th centuries, Chinese art, architecture and philosophy had been quite appreciated in the west. In addition, Chinese silk, tea and porcelain had been warmly welcomed, and had altered, to some extent, the lifestyle of many westerners. In the last part of the 20th century, the westerners focused their attention on Chinese culture again. Besides enjoying Chinese food, they learned Chinese, tried out Chinese medicine and herbs, watched gongfu films.
分析：
1、被动结构：…很受欣赏 had been quite appreciated
2、并列结构：…也备受欣赏，并在一定程度上改变了许多西方的生活方式
             had been warmly welcomed, and had altered, to some extent, the lifestyle…
…学习汉语，尝试中国医药，练习中国武术，观看功夫电影
             they learned Chinese, tried out Chinese medicine and herbs, watched gongfu films.
ü         注：尽量采用相同形式
3、避免重复：…很受欣赏had been quite appreciated
…备受欣赏had been warmly welcomed
ü         注：汉语词语多重复，英语词语多变化
4、重点短语：此外 in addition       一定程度上to some extent
5、时间的翻译：在17世纪和18世纪 during the 17th and 18th centuries
               进入20世纪后期in the last part of the 20th century
6、分词短语的使用：他们除了喜欢中国菜肴外，还学习汉语，…
                   Besides enjoying Chinese food, they learned Chinese…
ü         注：句子更加简练
 
7、语序：状语：在西方很受欣赏had been quite appreciated in the west
ü         注：汉语状语多前置，英语多后置
定语：许多西方的生活方式the lifestyle of many westerners.
ü         注：汉语定语多前置，英语多后置（形容词一般前置）
 
Part III  Writing (25 minutes, 15 points)
Directions: Read the story in Chinese below, and then write a composition of no less than 150 words under the title of "The Goal of Life". Your composition should be based on the story and the following outline:
1. What have you learned from the story?
2. What is the goal of your life? If you have achieved the goal of your life, what would you do?

　　目 标
        
    在英国有一位残疾青年，他双腿走起路来很困难，却凭着坚强的信念和毅力创造了一次又一次的壮举：他19岁时登上了世界最高峰珠穆朗玛峰；21岁时登上了阿尔卑斯山；22岁时登上了乞力马扎罗山。28岁前他登上了世界上所有著名的高山。然而，就在28岁这一年他自杀了。原来在他11岁时，他父母在攀登乞力马扎罗山时不幸遭遇雪崩双双遇难。他的父母在临行前给他留下了遗嘱，希望他能像父母一样，登上世界上所有著名的高山。这位残疾青年把父母的遗嘱作为他人生奋斗的目标，当实现全部目标的时候，他感到前所未有的无奈和绝望。他留下遗言：“如今，功成命就的我感到无事可做了，我没有了新的目标......”
       
写作提示:
1.本篇作文题属于情景作文.
2.主题是描写生活目标的重要性.
3.所提供的故事作为文章论点的正反例子.   
 (范文略)