Key

Part Ⅰ                              Writing

写作点拨

①审题及布局。这是一篇比较典型的提纲式作文。从文章的提示要求上看，首先应该对题目作总的陈述，然后说明自己对这一现象的看法。在布局上，根据题目中给出的提纲来展开即可。第一段介绍高校的许多大学生通过助学贷款完成自己的学业；第二段介绍由于各种原因，有些学生毕业后没有能力或拒绝按时还贷；第三段陈述自己对这一现象的看法。②语言。力求准确和多样性，注意说理时逻辑严密。

范文点评

On Paying back Student Loans

①Nowadays，college students who need financial aid can apply for student loans provided by state-owned commercial banks. ②The money can help them pay their tuition fees and cover their necessary daily expense. The policy not only gives chances to the students eager to continue their study but also is beneficial to commercial banks.

③However，to our disappointment，there is an increasing rate of students who have failed to refund the loans in time. ④Some students are really unable to repay the money after graduation because of unemployment or some other reasons. But there are a number of students refusing to pay it back even though they can.

⑤In my opinion,  college students should increase their awareness of credit. Anyone in debt should try his best to repay the loans in due time. ⑥If they are really in great difficulty, it is proper to inform the bank as soon as possible and apply for a delayed repayment. ⑦Only in this way can both college students and banks benefit from the policy.

① 开门见山，指出许多大学生都能申请助学贷款。

② 介绍助学贷款的性质以及其发行目的。其中 cover their necessary daily expense"支付日常开支"是高分表达, "not only. . . but also. . . "结构使句式多样化。

③ 用"however"这个转折词，导出一部分学生拒绝还贷这一现象。to our disappointment"令我们失望的是..."，an increasing rate of"逐渐增长的"都能为文章增色。

④ 这一部分结构为："Some students. . . but there are a number of students. . . "。指出不能还贷的两种原因。

⑤ 直接表达自己的意见：大学生应该增强诚信意识，按时还贷。

⑥ 指出如果不能及时还贷的话，应告知银行并申请延期。

⑦ 采用"only"导入的倒装强调句型，再次陈述自己的观点。

Part Ⅱ            Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

本文主要讨论了一些关于婴儿心智的研究。早期的研究认为婴儿的认知和情感能力比较差，都是在后天培养起来的。但是最近的研究发现，婴儿的认知和情感能力远非人们所料，他们能辨别细微的差异，他们天生就有很多复杂的情感，比如嫉妒和同情等。但同时，这些研究现在存在很大的挑战性。

1.  Y)。

[定位] 本题考查文章中心大意。可将重点定位到文章首末段以及各个小标题。

[精解] 本文首段提到，现在许多新的研究使儿童心理学家们对婴儿的心智和情感能力重新思考；接着文章开始通过一项研究就此问题展开说明，婴儿能辨别细微的差异，他们天生就有很多复杂的情感，比如嫉妒和同情等，最后提到这些研究存在很大的挑战性。可见本文主要内容即是关于婴儿心智和情感的研究，题干说法正确。

2.  N)。

[定位] 通过题干中的Victoria Bateman和experiment等，定位到第一个小标题第一段前三句，Little Victoria Bateman is blue-eyed. . . high chair, where she is the latest subject in an ongoing experiment aimed at understanding the way babies think.

[精解] 本题是要考查Victoria Bateman所参加的试验的目的，根据原文可知，本次试验的目的是要理解婴儿思考的方式，而不是题干中所说的是去发现母爱对婴儿的重要性，题干说法与原文不符。

3.  N)。

[定位] 由题干中的Victoria Bateman和cried，定位到第一个小标题第二段第九句和倒数第二句Soon she's crying so hard it looks like she might spit up. . . It's the same in nearly every case:tiny babies, overwhelmed with jealousy.

[精解] 通过分析原文可知，上百次的试验取得了同样的结果，那就是婴儿有嫉妒心理，Victoria Bateman会哭是因为妈妈对一个布娃娃特别关爱而产生嫉妒心理，由此可知，题干说Victoria Bateman哭的原因是因为妈妈不再爱她的说法与原文不符。

4.  NG)。

[定位] 由题干中的数字3-month baby，emotional responses和psychological disorders可以定位到第二个小标题下首段最后一句By reading emotional responses, doctors have begun to discover ways to tell if a baby as young as 3 months is showing early signs of possible psychological disorders. . .

[精解]  根据原文可知，通过观察婴儿的情感反应，儿科医生开始发现判断婴儿是否存在潜在的心理疾病的方法，但是文章没有提到这是唯一的方式，因此，本题为NG）题。

5.  emotional advancement

[定位] 由题干中的Pediatricians和physical development等定位到第二个小标题下首段第二句和第三句Armed with the new information, pediatricians are starting. . . tracking physical development, they are now focusing much more deeply on emotional advancement.

[精解]  此处需要填入名词性成分作介词to的宾语。通过原文可知，儿科医生现在除了观察身体的发展变化之外，更加深层的关注情感的发展，题干将原文的focusing much more deeply on替换为pay more attention to，所以答案为emotional advancement。

6.  some empathy

[定位] 由题干中的专有名词Hoffman, study可以定位到第二个小标题下第二段第七句和第十一句A recent study conducted in Italy, which built on Hoffman's own work, has. . . The verdict:"there is some empathy in place, right from birth, "Hoffman says.

[精解] 此处需要填入名词性成分作show的宾语，构成show sb. sth. 的短语结构。本题要考查Hoffman试验的发现，根据原文可知，Hoffman发现婴儿的同情心理是从一出生就有的，所以是天生的而不是后天的。题干中的be born to与原文的right from birth对应，可知答案为some empathy。

7.  emotions

[定位] 由题干的Diane和ability等可以定位到第二个小标题下第三段开头Part of that empathy may come from another early-baby skill, the ability to discern emotions from the facial expressions of the people around them. "Most textbooks still say that babies younger than 6 months don't recognize emotions, "says Diane Montague.

[精解] 此处需要填入名词作recognize的宾语。本题考查Diane的试验的结果。从原文可以看出，Diane的试验是为了否定多数书中阐述的观点，也就是小于六个月的孩子不能辨别情感，结果证明这种观点是错误的，即小于六个月的孩子能辨别情感。题干中的recognize与原文的discern对应，可得出答案为emotions。

8.  small differences

[定位] 由题干中的visual palette和 notice等可以定位到第二个小标题下第四段第三句话 They have a surprisingly visual palette, which enables them to notice small differences. . .

[精解] 此处需要填入名词性成分作notice的宾语。根据原文，这块调色板能够使婴儿注意到细微的差别。题干将原文中的enable them to notice替换为help him to notice，可知此处应填写small differences。

9.  their /babies' faces and body language

[定位]  由题干中的challenges和reading定位到第三个小标题下首段第二句Since the subjects can't speak for themselves, figuring out what's going on inside their heads is often a matter of reading their faces and body language.

[精解]  此处需要填入名词性成分作 reading的宾语。从原文可知，因为作为研究对象的婴儿们不会为自己的行为进行解释，所以研究者要想了解婴儿在想什么，就得通过观察他们的脸部表情和身体语言。题干将原文中的figuring out替换为obtain，所以可得出答案their /babies' faces and body language。

10.  laser eye tracking

[定位]  由题干中的more precise reading 和 EEGs 等可以定位到第三个小标题下首段最后一句 More recently, scientists have added EEGs and laser eye tracking, which allow more precise readings.

[精解] 此处需要填入名词性成分来和EEGS并列。从原文可知，近来科学家们在研究婴儿心智和情感时采用了EEGs技术和激光眼搜寻技术，通过这些技术可以得到很精确的结果。题干将原文中的allow more precise readings 替换为in order to gain more precise readings, 所以答案为laser eye tracking。

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