犯罪类真题

【Some people believe that there should be fixed punishments for each type of crime. Others, however, argue that the circumstances of an individual crime, and the motivation for committing it, should always be taken into account when deciding on the punishment. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.】

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On the other hand, taking the circumstances of a crime and its motivation into consideration is a prerequisite for establishing and ensuring justice and equity. A person killing in self-defense cannot be compared to a serial killer, moving from one victim to the next. In my opinion an intermediary position between both solutions is the perfect way to establish and ensure justice and equity. There have to be fixed punishments for all crimes. However, criminal laws have to provide for a minimum and a maximum for the punishment and the laws also have to foresee certain cases of exemptions. An example for setting minimum and maximum penalties is Competition Law where a person being held liable of a crime under this law will be convicted to pay a fine, according to the harm caused by the violation and the profit gained by the violator through committing the crime. As for the exemptions, in some countries the law exempts thieves stealing food during a period of famine taking into consideration the distress and hunger. Also, a person killing in self-defense will be exempted from punishment.
另一方面，在量刑中考虑罪犯的处境及犯罪动机则是建立以及保护司法公正的前提条件。 一个自卫杀人的犯人不可能和一个连环杀手相提并论。在我看来，在两种观点中间找到一个折中的制衡点才是建立和保障司法公正的完美做法。 我们确实应该对每种犯罪行为有固定的刑罚。但是，刑法对应每种刑罚设定量刑的上下限以应对各种不同的犯罪情况，而且还要为某些会出现的特殊赦免时间做好预备。 使用量刑上下限这种做法的一个例子就是竞争法。在此法中，如有人触犯法律条文，法庭将根据他所造成的危害和他通过违反法律而获得的利益来量定出他所需要交纳的罚金。 至于赦免事件，一个例子就是当人们在饥荒动乱中，其偷盗食物的行为就可能会得到赦免。 另外，一个人如果是出于自卫而杀人，同样可以免遭处罚。