SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLS (50 minutes)
Directions: In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions based on its content. You are to choose ONE best answer. (A), (B) ,(C)or (D), to each question.Answer all  the questions following each passage on the basis of  what  is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

Questions 1~5 http://tr.hjenglish.com
      Before Felix arrived in Baghdad, Miss Bohun had arranged for him to have lessons with a Mr Posthorn of  the Education Office.Mr Posthorn was a busy man;he not only had his government job but also taught some Arab boys from a wealthy family who hoped eventually to go to an  English  university. He had agreed to“ fit Felix  in  his  spare time”, which  meant  that sometimes Felix went to Mr Posthorn's office and was told to study this or that, and occasionally Mr Posthorn managed to find a spare hour when he dropped in to Miss Bohun's and gave Felix some instruction. Most of Felix's day was spent in study in his bedroom. He knew he would not get far in this way and he knew also the Mr Posthorn would have been willing to give hime more attention had he, like Miss Bohun, not been disappointed in him. Miss Bohun did ot say or do anything that gave Felix any clue as to how he had failed her, but Mr Posthorn, after testing his knowledge, said without hesitation, “What on earth have you been doing with yourself since you left England?” 

      Felix explained that  in Cairo he had taken  lessons with an old English lady, and ex-governess to a royal  family, who had taught him English composition,French,drawing,geography and history.Unfortunately she had known less Greek, Latin and mathematics than he had. His mother had treated lessons there as a joke. and  said:“Never  mind darling, when we return to England we'll make up for lost time.” 

       Your parents ought to have been ashamed of themselves, keeping you away from school during the most  important years of your life.I can't understand it,”said Mr  Posthorn. Your father was an educated man, wasn't  he? Felix  explained:‘it wasn't  my  father's fault. Mother would let me go back to England when the war started. Father was angry, but Mother said: If he goes I may not see him again. ’”

      Mr  Posthorn said: You'll never make up for it.But Felix,although he knew it to be a serious matter, could not really care.”

1.    Miss Bohun had arranged for Felix                  before he arrived.
      (A) to go to school in the Education Office.
      (B) to have lessons with some Arab boys
      (C) to study at home every morning
      (D) to receive private tuition
2.  Felix did not  feel the arrangements Miss Bohun had  mad were satisfactory because             .
      (A) he knew Miss Bohun was disappointed in him
      (B) he could not have regular lessons
      (C) he did not like Mr. Posthorn
      (D) he didn't like studying at Miss Bohun's
3.    Before he came to stay with Miss Bohun, Felix's lessons                .          
      (A) Were shared with some children from a royal family
      (B) Were not suitable in his father's eye
      (C) Had not been adequate in some subjects
      (D) Had frequently been interrupted by his mother.
4.    What did Mr. Posthorn think of Felix's education?
      (A) He thought his father had not encouraged him enough.
      (B) He was surprised that Felix had managed to learn anything at all.
      (C) He Thought Felix had wasted a great deal of valuable time.
      (D) He believed that Felix could catch up with the other boys later.
5.    Why didn't Felix go back to England when the war started?
      (A) His parents wanted him to be with them.
      (B) His mother would not agree to his going.
      (C) His father intended to teach Felix himself.
      (D) He himself did not really want to go.

Questions 6~10 http://tr.hjenglish.com
      Many fold cures which have been around  for centuries may be more therapeutic than preciously suspected.A case in point is that of penicillin.Alexander Fleming did not just randomly choose cheese molds to study when he discovered this very important bacteria-killing substance. Moldy cheese was frequently given to patients as a remedy for illness at  one tome. Fleming just isolated what if was about the cheese which cured the patients.

      In parts of South America, a powder obtained from sugar cane is used for healing infections in wounds and ulcers.This usage may may date back to pre-Colombian times.  Experiments carried out on  several  hundred patients indicate that ordinary sugar in high concentrations  is lethal to bacteria. Its suction effect eliminates dead cells, and it generated a glasslike layer which protects the wound and ensures healing.

      Another example of  folk medicine which scientists are investigating is that of Arab fishermen who rub their wounds with a venomous catfish to quicken healing.This catfish excretes  a gemlike slime which scientists have found to contain antibiotics,a coagulant that helps close injured hood vessels,anti-inflammatory agents,and a chemical that  directs production of a glue-like material that aids healing.

      It is hope that by documenting these folk remedies and experimenting to see if results are indeed beneficial, an analysis of the substances can be made, and synthetic substances can be developed for human consumption.

6.    This passage is mainly about             .
      (A) using folk medicine to replace modern medicine.
      (B) Antibiotics in the field of medicine.
      (C)  The effectiveness of folk remedies.
      (D) Isolating antibiotics in cheese, sugar, and slime
7.    The world“therapeutic” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to             .          
      (A) physiological                (B) medicinal
      (C) traditional                  (D) psychological
8.    It can be inferred from the passage that Alexander Fleming                .
      (A) discovered moldy cheese
      (B)  isolated infectious patients
      (C) suspected medicinal properties of molds.
      (D) Enjoyed eating different kinds of cheese
9.    The world“eliminates” in paragraph 2 can be replaced by which of the following?
      (A) bacteria feed on sugar
      (B) sugar kills unhealthy cells
      (C) glass is formed from sugar
      (D) sugar promotes healing

Questions 11~15 http://tr.hjenglish.com
      More than a hundred years ago, before the Civil War, a crew of busting cowboys stood outside a large horse corral. With them was their boss Bradford Grimes, a cattleman who owned a large South Texas ranch near the Gulf of Mexico. 

      Inside the corral was a herd  of wild mustangs, horsed that  had never  been ridden. They milled around, snorting and rearing.

      One of the bronco busters roped a strong stallion and held him to be saddled. Then another cowboy climbed up and tried to ride. At first the animal trotted nervously, humping a little and shying from side to side. Then it went off in high jumps, spinning and shaking and jolting its rider. Finally it put its head between its front legs, bucked high in the air, and threw the cowboy off into the dust.

      Just then Mrs. Grimes, the cattleman's wife, came to the ranch house door and cried out. Bradford! Bradford! Those Blacks are worth a thousand dollars apiece. One might get killed.”

      The cowboys laughed, but they knew she was telling the truth. For they were all  Black slaves. Bradford Grimes was their owner.

      Most of the first Black cowboys were slaves, brought by their masters from the old South.On the plantations in South, the slaves cut cotton. On the ranches in Texas they had to learn a new trade — breaking horses and handling cattle. Some were taught by Mexican cowboys, some by Indians who knew the ways of horses and cattle.

      Grimes was only one of hundreds of slave-owning ranchers who ran cattle in Texas. The ranchers had brought their  families and  slaves  from Mississippi, Georgia, and  other  southern, states. They came on horseback, on foot, and in buggies and wagons. They  drove hogs, oxen, and stock.

      Some ranchers settled near the Mexican border, but there they found that it was too easy for their slaves to escape. Even slaves as far north as Austin, the capital of  Texas, came to think of Mexico as the promised  land. As early as 1845, the year that Texas became a state, a  Texas newspaper reported the escape of twenty-five Blacks.“They were mounted on some of the best horses than could be  found,” the story  said,“and  several of them were armed.” Thousands of other Black slaves escaped in the same way.

     East of the Nieces farther from the Mexican border, most slaves found it hard to escape. So there they  stayed, learning to become cowboys in bleak, rough country and learning to  chase wild cattle through heavy coastal brush.

     All-Black cattle crews were common throughout central and eastern Texas.There were even a few free Blacks who owned rankles before the Civil War.Ashworth was one of them, and he owned 2,500 cattle, as well as some slaves of his own. He employed a white schoolmaster to tutor his children. Black cowboys helped to tame and settle a wild country.

11.   The word“bronc-busting” in the beginning sentence of  the passage can be paraphrased as         .
      (A) driving hogs                        (B) cutting cotton
      (C) breaking horses                  (D) handling cattle
12.  Most of the first Black slaves that became cowboys               .
      (A) had been brought to Texas by their owners from the old South.
      (B) Came on their own to look for the promised land
      (C) Came from the ranches in Mexico looking for work on Texas cattle ranches
      (D) Had been employed by Bradfrod Grimes who owned a large South Texas ranch
13.  How did the Black slaves on the ranches in Texas differ from those on the plantations in the old South?
      (A) They cut cotton.
      (B) They escaped from slavery.
      (C) They took care of cattle.
      (D) They rode the best horses that could be found.
14.  What do you think most slaves thought about living and working on ranches?
      (A) They liked it so much they were going to find others to bring back.
      (B)  They were unhappy and wanted to run away.
      (C)  They wanted to buy slaves and start ranches of their own.
      (D) They enjoyed their working and living conditions in the promised hand.
15.  According to the passage, Blacks helped to            .
      (A) tame the animals in Texas
      (B) solve living problems in Texas
      (C) conquer the US
      (D) settle the new territory

Questions 16~20 http://tr.hjenglish.com
     Film is a medium that might have been especially made for America, a vast country which, by the beginning of the twentieth century, had a large immigrant population,many of whom could hardly speak English.These people would have had little use for the theatre, even if they lived within easy distance of one, or for most of the books they could buy because they did not have enough English. But the movies — the silent  movies — these they could all understand, so what  America  had  more than any European country was a huge captive  audience,a large proportion of them pretty well uneducated. And what these people wanted were simple stories in which, irrespective of the fact they couldn't understand the captions, the action told all.

     In feeding the growing demand for screen entertainment, America was greatly helped by the First World War, Between 1974 and 1918 the making of films was not exactly high on the list of any  European  country's priorities. Films continued to be  made but  not  to the same extent as before, and to fill the gap in foreign imports, America had to increase its own production. By the end of the decade, with Hollywood now firmly established as the center of the industry, America was well on its way to monopolizing the world market.

     But  if by the beginning of the 1920s America was the world leader in film production, it was not then — nor has it been since — in the lead when it came to developing film as an art form. Hollywood is not interested in art; it is interested in money and the two rarely go together. To Hollywood is not interested in art; it is interested in money and the two rarely go together. To Hollywood film is, and really always has been, and industry. There is nothing about this attitude that  should make us look down on it. Hollywood quickly recognized film as an entertainment medium with a unique ability to put people onto seats and money in the pockets of producers, distributors and cinema managers and, mostly, let it to others to develop its potential as an art form.

     Generally speaking, the efforts to extend the boundaries of film to — show that it could do more than car chases,romance and clowning — were  being  made  elsewhere.  In  the  1920s  in Germany, for example, expressionism was an artistic movement which used film as a medium. Expressionism  is described  in the Oxford Companion to Film  as“a  movement  woes  main aim ”was to show in images man's inner world and in particular  the emotions of fear, hatred, love and anxiety.” These days, most serious — and sometimes not so serious — films attempt to do something like that as a matter of course.

     Meanwhile Russian film-makers were developing advanced techniques in editing  and montage — using scenes to give background information,ideas and intellectual points. Hollywodd was not slow to learn from its foreign competitors or to take on and adapt their ideas, but with regard to the style and content of film-making, it was and still is far more in business of learning than of teaching.

16.  Why did the immigrants in America prefer cinema to other entertainment media?
     (A) They did not have theatres close enough to their homes.
     (B) They could not afford to buy books.
     (C) The movies were easier to understand.
     (D) The film captions were in simple English.
17.  What do we learn about the American film industry around 1920?
     (A) American art films were not as successful as those from other countries.
     (B) More films were made in America that anywhere else.        
     (C) More American films catered for the immigration population.
     (D) The Americans were the first to develop film as an art from.
18.  What does the author think about Hollywood as an industry?
     (A) He despise Hollywood's interest in making money.
     (B) He wishes Hollywood would make decent films.
     (C) He thinks Hollywood films are no better than European ones.
     (D) He sees nothing wrong with Hollywood's attitude.
19.  What do we learn about expressionism in film?
     (A) It has become a less serious element in films nowadays.
     (B) It is no longer limited to German films.
     (C) In the 1920s, most serious films were expressionist.
     (D) It was about trying to show strange emotions.
20.  How has Hollywood responded to its foreign competitors in film-making?
     (A) It has maintained a more businesslike attitude.
     (B) It has learned a lot from them about what to put in films.
     (C) It has responded quickly by copying foreign films.
     (D) It has tried to teach as much as it has learned.

Questions 21~25 http://tr.hjenglish.com
     In recent years the basic market principles of competition and choice have expanded into new aspects of American life.Consumers now face a bewildering array of options for air travel, phone service, medical car, even postal service.Car buyers can shop on the Internet for the best price  at  any dealership in their  area.In some parts of the country, homeowners can  purchase electricity  from a menu of companies. All this choice translates into unprecedented consumer power.

      One of the persistent  myths of capitalist culture is that business people love competition. They don't. They spend their waking hours plotting ways to avoid it, and keep prices high. These days they use information technologies that give them intricate data on individual shoppers, and then present multiple prices to get each consumer to cough up the maximum he is willing to pay. The airlines have mastered this game, offering many levels of fares.

      So how can you make the most of your new power as a consumer? Here are rules to help you find your way.

      1 Never pay list price. 
      In the New Economy, competition is so strong that fewer stores and services are immune to pricing pressure, so sharpen your bargaining skills. Ask retailers to match prices you've seen on the Internet. Ask at the checkout counter if there are any coupons or discounts you can use. Ask hotel clerks if there are better rates available. You'll be surprised how often the answer is yes.

     2 Refuse gimmicks.
      As competition heats up and pushes prices down, businesses scramble to boost their profits by  heaping on  extras:  rust  proofing  your car,  service contracts on your appliance,  prepaidgasoline for your rental car.These gimmicks are devised  to make you pay  more  at  the  last minute and probably aren't a good deal.

      3 Don t buy on impulse.
      The information highway is a two-way street. As a consumer, you can get more data. But while you are roaming the Web, businesses are studying your habits and vulnerabilities.

      Have a weakness for  chocolates? Don't be surprised if Amazon. Com offers to sell you a box  while  you've browsing  for  books. They're using a wrinkle on the last-minute  marketing pitch perfected by McDonald's : “Would you like fries with that?”The ploy works remarkably well.

      4 Say no to platinum prices.
      Versioning  is  a  tactic used  by  businesses to separate status- conscious consumers  from  the bargain-hungry ones — since the former mean bigger profit margins.“Deluxe”and  “platinum” are code words used to entice status seekers to open their wallets.

      Add a third price level and the purses of even bargain- hungry shoppers can be pried open. Research shows that many consumers who might pick the lower- priced option when given just tow choices will choose the medium- priced alternative if given three.“consumers try to avoid extreme options,” write Carl Shapiro and Hal R. Varian in their book Information Rules.

      5 Switch－or threaten to.
       Consumers in the New Economy face more demands on their time and attention than ever before, so they're inclined to make the most familiar choice. Consider this: it had been a decade and a half since the breakup  of AT &T, yet it  is still by far he largest long- distance provider－even while other phone companies $50 worth of free service for switching. More than ever, it pays to change services and brands.

      If you don't want the hassles of switching remember that businesses are eager to hang on to consumers. The next time you get a tempting offer from a credit- card issuer or a phone company, call your  current provider  and ask them to match the deal. You'll be pleased to find how often they'll agree.

21. What makes people in America powerful consumers?
      (A) Internet                                                              (B) The capitalist culture.
      (C) The basic principles of competition                     (D) A large variety of options.
22. Airlines offer many levels of fares
      (A) to cater to the needs of different consumers
      (B) to get the most out of consumers
      (C) to keep prices high
      (D) to survive the competition
23. The word  “gimmicks”in this passage is closest in meaning to                       .
      (A) services                         (B) extras
      (C) tricks                             (D) games
24. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
      (A) You should keep changing services and brands even if you don't want the trouble.      
      (B) The“Deluxe”option isjust good enough for status seekers.
      (C) Consumers tend to avoid the highest and the lowest- priced options.
      (D) The information technologies enable the business people to collect  data on individual customers.
25. Status-conscious consumers______              .
      (A) tend to use as many coupons or discounts as possible
      (B) never pay the list price
      (C) tend to choose the medium- riced alternative if given three
      (D) are more welcome in the eye of the business people

Questions 26～30 http://tr.hjenglish.com
      By 2008,drivers should be able to steer  around tie- ups with a personalized virtual traffic reporter, giving directions to the clearest roads from the passenger seat. Some time beyond that, people won't even steer, brake, or  accelerate as they're swept along the clearest roads to work. That's the vision of the Intelligent Transportation Society, which had its annual meeting here in Boston earlier this month.

      Many parts of  this technology  are  already  here. What  isn't  should  flood  into  the  most congested cities by the end of the year.

      So far the global positioning satellite navigation systems offered in many upscale cars are helpful mostly to traveling salespeople, travelers renting cars in strange cities, and people who otherwise don't know where they're going. They're nearly useless most of the time.

      Moving from novelty to necessity depends on a convergence of technologies known as ITS, or  Intelligent  Transportation  Systems. Today, smart roads use signs and lane markers to direct drivers around delays or into reversible commuter lanes. Systems in many cities allow motorists to call for traffic reports on specific roads from their cell phones. Others use cameras along roads to distribute pictures via the Internet or television traffic reports.

      The goal is to build a giant database of real-time congestion on virtually every road in the US. And then send that data to cars in a format that doesn't distract drivers.

      The problem so far is that few of the systems talk to each other.

      Different cities monitor  traffic speed and density using  electronic roadway  sensors, video cameras, or simply by extrapolating data from how many people are talking on local cell phone networks. Many cities feed this information into computers that can adjust the timing of traffic lights, for instance, and display maps on the Internet.

      Other  simply use the data to run videotapes of road congestion  on evening newscasts, or leave human operators to interpret and control traffic patterns. Even the electronic maps used in GPS systems and on the Internet don't match.

      It's an open  secret,obscured by optimistic business bluster.But, behind the scenes,the companies are all trying to link into one seamless traffic-information network. It's nothing short of merging the  signal network of the industrial  age－the interstate highway  system－with the defining  network of  the  Information Age,says Gerald Conover,manager of  product   and technology at Ford Motor Company.

     Nevertheless, it's happening－slowly. The first systems that integrate traffic data on in-car GPS screens should appear in  18 months, says John Stickler, a proj ect manager at Inters, which builds a system to collect  traffic data.That should  make everyone's driving on the road  less onerous.

26. Which of the following expresses the main idea of the passage?
      (A) The traffic jams before 2008.
      (B) The progress of computer technology.
      (C) The establishment of local cell phone networks.
      (D) The development of transport navigation systems.
27.  The expression“from  novelty  to  necessity”(para.  5)can be replaced by which of  the following?
      (A) from fiction to report.                (B) from investigation to conclusion.
      (C) from invention to application      (D) from military use to civic application.
28. According to the passage, he problem that“few of the systems tale to each other”(para. 7) means that____________.
      (A) human operators have different ways to control traffic patterns
      (B) the timing of traffic lights is more difficult than expected
      (C) traffic monitoring systems developed in many cities do not match smoothly
      (D) transport navigation systems      interpret data in different ways
29.   The word“onerous”in the last sentence of the passage can be paraphrased as__________.
      (A) optimistic                        (B) difficult
      (C) confident                        (D) pessimistic
30. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
      (A) Global positioning satellite navigation systems are useful most of the time.
      (B) The giant database of real-time congestion in the US has been completed.
      (C) A personalized virtual traffic reporter can only be realized after 2008.
      (D) Much effort is devoted to the building of integrated traffic information network.