SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLS (50 minutes)

Directions: In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions based on its content. You  are to choose ONE best  answer, A., B., C. or  D., to each question.  Answer  all  the  questions  following  each  passage  on  the  basis  of  what  is  stated  or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. //tr.hjenglish.com/

Questions 1～5
      Some kinds of animals that are still around today were in existence millions of years ago during the time of dinosaur.

      One of these survivors is the crocodile, which has been around for about  100 million years Today's  crocodiles  can  grow  to  a  length  of  20  feet  and  weigh  about  a  ton.  Their  prehistoric ancestors were about two-and-a-half times the size of today's animals.

     Another  survivor  form the past is the Galapagos tortoise, whose history goes back around 200 million years. The tortoise of today has not evolved much over the last 200 million years; it looks about         

      The oldest survivor from prehistoric times is, can you believe it, the cockroaches have been able  to  stick  around  for  more  than  250  million  years.  The  main  reason  for  their  incredible endurance is their ability to live in all kinds of conditions and survive on all kinds of food. //tr.hjenglish.com/

1. This passage is mainly about.
   A. the dinosaur
   B. how the crocodile has survived
   C. animals that live to be very old
   D. types of animals that have existed for a long time
2. According to the passage, the crocodile.
   A. survived an attack by dinosaurs
   B. first appeared 100,000 years ago
   C. has increased in size over time
   D. has existed for millions of years
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the cockroach?
   A. It has evolved considerably over years.
   B. It has been around for a quarter of a billion years.
   C. It lived at the time of the dinosaur.
   D. It eats many kinds of food. //tr.hjenglish.com/
4. The expression“stick around”in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to.
   A. endure                                           B. attack
   C. travel around                                  D. look around
5. Which of the animals mentioned in the passage has been around for the longest time?
   A. The dinosaur.                                   B. The crocodile.
   C. The Galapagos tortoise.                    D. The cockroach.

Questions 6～10
      Lincoln's  now famous Gettysburg Address was not,on the occasion of  its delivery, recognized as the masterpiece that it is today. Lincoln was not even the primary speaker  at the ceremonies, held at the height of the Civil War in 1863, to dedicate the battle field at Gettysburg. The main speaker was orator Edward Everest,whose two-hour speech   was followed by Lincoln's shorter remarks. Lincoln began his small portion of the program with the words that today  are  immediately  recognized by  most  Americans:“Four  score and seven years ago our father  brought  forth  on  this  continent  a  new  nation  conceived  in  liberty  and  dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.”At the time of the speech, little notice was given to what   Lincoln   had   said,  and  Lincoln considered  his appearance at the  ceremonies  rather unsuccessful. After his speech appeared in print, appreciation for his words began to grow, and today it is recognized as one of the all-time greatest speeches.

6. The main idea of this passage is that                   .
   A. the Gettysburg Address has always been regarded as a masterpiece            
   B. at the time of its delivery the Gettysburg Address was truly appreciated as a masterpiece
   C. it was not until after 1863 that Lincoln's speech was recorded in history //tr.hjenglish.com/
   D. Lincoln is better recognized today than he was at the time of his presidency
7. Which of the following is true about the ceremonies at Gettysburg during the Civil War?
   A. Lincoln was the main speaker.
   B. Lincoln gave a two-hour speech.
   C. Everest was the closing speaker.
   D. Everest's speech was longer than Lincoln's.
8. According to the passage, when Lincoln spoke at the Gettysburg ceremonies,                              .
   A. his words were immediately recognized by most Americans
   B. he spoke for only a short period of time
   C. he was enthusiastically cheered
   D. he was extremely proud of his performance
9. When did Lincoln's Gettysburg Address begin to receive public acclaim?
    A. After it had been published.
    B. Immediately after the speech.
    C. Not until the present day.
    D. After Lincoln received growing recognition.
10. The pronoun“ it”in the last sentence refers to which of the following?
    A. His speech.                                             B. Print.
    C. Appreciation.                                          D. His appearance.

Questions 11～14
       Even if the saying“cold hands, warm heart”were really true, the warmhearted probably would prefer  to forgo frozen  fingers during the winter. In Japan, where central heating is still something  of a  luxury. Aoi  Co., Ltd. has been  distributing a  small  disposable hand-and-body warmer that makes use of a harmless chemical reaction in order to generate heat. This winter the Poco body  warmer  is  making  its  debut  in  Canada, the  United  States  and patrs  of  Europe. In addition to chasing away winter  chills, the body warmer  can be used to help relieve pain that results from muscle sprains and arthritis. The Poco body warmer measures about three by five inches  and  is  one-quarter  inch  thick.. It  consists  of  a  cloth  bag  containing  a  mixture  of  iron powder, moisturized wood powder, activated carbon and  salt. To get  it  going, the user  simply opens the outer vinyl bag in which the unit is vacuum-packed and shakes the cloth bag. The unit then absorbs oxygen from the air, which in conjunction with the moisture from the wood powder oxidizes the iron, giving off heat. The packet  maintains an average temperature of  140 degree Fahrenheit  for  24 hours, according to the manufacturer. Aoi Co. officials say that the product contains o toxic chemicals. The only precaution users need to follow is to avoid direct  contact between the skin and the body warmer because burns can occur. The unit sells for about 1.

11.What is the author's main purpose in the passage?             
    A. To explain a chemical reaction.
    B. To recommend a cure for arthritis.
    C. To introduce a new product. //tr.hjenglish.com/
    D. To compare central heating with the body warmer.
12.Which of the following is LEAST likely to generate heat.
    A. It makes use of electric power to generate heat.
    B. It measures about three by five inches and is one quarter inch thick.
    C. It contains iron powder, wood powder, carbon and salt.
    D. It maintains an average temperature of 140 degrees Fahrenheit.
13. In the first paragraph, the word“forgo”in“to forgo frozen fingers”could best be replaced by which of the following?
      A. warm.                                                         B. forget
      C. put up with.                                                 D. do without
14. In the second paragraph, the word“it”in“To get it going”refers to.
      A. arthritis                                                 B. muscle sprain
      C. the body warmer                                  D. moisturized wood powder

Questions 15～19
      Seoul, once city for kings, can now claim to be a city for commuters. The third nation in the Orient to develop an underground rapid-transit system, Korea opened its first line in 1974. After 12 years of continuing construction, Seoul had finally completed the rest of its extensive subway system, capable of serving 5 million commuters a day.

      The 73-mile-long system, the world's seventh largest, is expected to alleviate the acute daily traffic congestion downtown.

      For an estimated  $ 2.7 billion, the city  has built one of the most modem subways in the world,  replete with air-conditioning, high-tech ticket machines and escalators to deep-level stations.The subway stops,  bucking an international tradition of dull concrete walls,  are attractions themselves: many ate lined with shopping arcades, others sponsor art exhibits and several have been blasted out of granite and left in their natural state, creating an eerie, cave like effect.

      The subway is a long-term solution to transit problems in a city that is bursting at the seams with 9.5 million people. It is designed to encourage the growth of satellite cities along the lines that run outside the city proper. Efficiency, safety and economy are the catchwords of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway Corporation, which handled construction and now manages the four lines. But traditional concern for cleanliness adds to the popularity of this rapid mode of underground transportation.

      Recently 20 young couples chose the subway as the site for their wedding ceremonies, proof that the system is heralding a new age of modem living for the inhabitants of the nation's capital.

15. According to the passage, how many cities in the world have subway systems larger than that  in Seoul, Korea?
      A. None.                                               B. Three.
      C. Six                                                    D. Seven. //tr.hjenglish.com/
16.Which of the following is LEAST likely to be seen in the subway in Seoul?
      A. Commuters.
      B. Shopping arcades and art exhibits.
      C. Natural caves.
      D. Wedding couples.
17.Which of the following can be concluded from the passage?
      A. The subway system was completed in 1986.
      B. Everyday more than nine million people travel by subway.
      C. The subway was built in a huge cave.
      D. The subway corporation is making a huge profit.
18.Which of the following is NOT the reason for constructing the underground transit system?
      A. The growth of population in the city.
      B. The traffic congestion downtown.
      C. The traditional concern for a better environment.
      D. The lack of wedding ceremony sites.
19.Why do some young couples choose the subway as the site for their wedding ceremonies?
      A. It is cleaner than places on the ground.
      B. It is a symbol of modem living.
      C. It is the world's seventh largest subway.
      D. It is built in the nation's capital. //tr.hjenglish.com/

Questions 20～24
      The whole world is going, or has already gone, mad. I do not say this because of problems like the arms race, pollution or the population explosion. These are bad enough, but I think we now have a more serious problem: our  desire to make ourselves miserable by sitting ourselves unnecessary  problems,  called  puzzles.Dozens of  magazines are published  every  month  with names like The Puzzler, Enigmatic and Brain Teasers. They contain problems which you can do without, and solutions which do not make you feel any better.

       The electronics industry is now cashing in on our strange need to set  ourselves difficult tasks. Their  computer  games are even nastier, because the torture  (the pain they  cause)  is not only  mental but  also physical.Only a superman could possibly keep up with the  fast-moving dots which represent space invaders, or whatever they are supposed to be.

       Where does it all start, and why do we do it? It starts when our well-meaning parents try to amuse, amaze and puzzle us with games like“I-Spy”. Later the whole thing becomes more sinister, when these puzzles (like“Odd Man Out ”and the number series) are used as tests to see  if  we are clever enough  or suitable  for a  particular course  or  job.  And  it  ends  on  the bookstalls with those piles of puzzle magazines—usually with a pretty smiling girl on the front cover. (What is she smiling about? Why isn't she as miserable as the rest of us?)

       We have  plenty  of real  problems to  worry  us,  and  yet  we  create  artificial  problems to enable us to be miserable in our spare time as well. Why all this misery? The reason is actually very  simple: because of a huge cosmic mistake, we have been put, by accident, on the wrong planet. Out there some where, deep in space, is a beautiful planet where we should have been put, a much more peaceful place than ours, a place with no problems, either real or imagined. The sad thing is that it is probably inhabited by creatures who should have been put on Earth. I bet they have a thriving puzzle book industry too! //tr.hjenglish.com/

20. The writer thinks the world is mad because of.
      A. the arms race
      B. the increasing world population
      C. our spending little time doing puzzles
      D. the electronics industry
21. The writer defines a puzzle as kind of problem which is.
      A. artificial                           B. unnecessary
      C. odd or strange                D. miserable
22. When parents set puzzles for their children, they are trying to.
      A. educate them                         B. test them
      C. entertain them                        D. control them
23. Puzzles like “Odd Man Out ”and the number series are also used as tests. The writer thinks
      that this use of puzzles is
      A. amusing                                 B. dangerous
      C. clever                                    D. a good idea //tr.hjenglish.com/
24. The writer's questions about the girl on the puzzle magazine cover suggest he finds her smile.
       A. attractive                                 B. irritating
       C. amusing                                   D. pretty

Questions 25～30
    One  of the  most  difficult  questions to  answer  is  how  much  a job  is  worth. We  naturally expect  that  a  doctor's  salary  will  be  higher  than  a  bus  conductor's  wages.  But  the  question becomes much more difficult to answer when we compare, say, a miner with an engineer, or an unskilled man working on an oil-rig in the North Sea with a teacher in a secondary school. What the doctor, the engineer and the teacher have in common is that they have devoted several years of their lives to studying in order to obtain the necessary qualifications for their professions. We feel instinctively that these skills and these years, when they were studying instead of earning money, should be rewarded. At the same time we recognize that the work of the miner and the oil-rig labourer is both hard and dangerous, and that they must be highly paid for the risks they take.

      Another  factor  we must take into consideration is how socially useful a man's work is regardless of the talents he may bring to it. Most people would agree that looking after the sick or teaching children is more important than, say selling second-hand cars or improving the taste of toothpaste by adding a red stripe to it. Yet it is almost certain that the used-car salesman earns more than the nurse and the research chemist earns more than the schoolteacher.

      Indeed, this whole question of just rewards can be burned on its head. You can argue that a man who does job which brings him personal satisfaction is already receiving part of his reward in the form of a so-called“psychic wage”, and that it is the man with the boring, repetitive job who  needs more money  to make up for the soul-destroying  monotony of  his  work.It  is significant that those jobs which are traditionally regarded as“vocations”—nursing, teaching and  the  Church,  for  example—continue to be poorly  paid, while  others,  such  as those in the world of sport or entertainment,carry financial rewards out of all proportion to their social worth. //tr.hjenglish.com/

25. The professional man, such as the doctor, should be well-paid because.
      A. he has spent several years learning how to do hisjob
      B. his work involves much greater intelligence than, say, a bus conductor's
      C. he has to work much harder than most other people
      D. he knows more than other people about his subject
26. It is difficult to compare a doctor and a miner because.
      A. a miner's work is not as useful as a doctor's
      B. a miner has a specialist in his own field
      C. a miner has to learn just as many skills to be able to do hisjob well
      D. a miner'sjob is less skilled but on the other hand it is more dangerous
27. You can compare an engineer with a teacher because.
      A. they both do useful work
      B. they both earn the same kind of salary
      C. one does socially important work and the other does dangerous work
      D. they have both spent several years in training
28 As far as rewarding people for their work is concerned, the writer thinks that.
      A. people doing manual work should be double paid //tr.hjenglish.com/
      B. we should pay people according to their talents
      C. we should pay for socially-useful work, regardless of the person's talent
      D. qualified people should be the highest paid
29. The argument of the‘psychic wage’is used to explain why.
      A. people who do socially important work are not always well paid
      B. people who do monotonousjobs are highly paid
      C. you should not try to compare the pay of different professions
      D. some professional people are paid more than others
30. We learn from the passage that a man who does a boring, repetitivejob.
     A. receives less money than he deserves
     B. should receive more money as a compensation for the drudgery of his work
     C. can only expect more money if hisjob is a highly-skilled one
     D. has no interest in his work apart from the money he receives for doing it