状语从句:状语从句 (Adverbial Clause) 指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子,可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。一般来说,根据其作用,状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句,一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。尽管种类较多,但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不难。学习它的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词。
状语从句引导词
1、时间状语从句:
常用引导词:when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引导词:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when instantly
2、地点状语从句:
常用引导词:where
特殊引导词:wherever, anywhere, everywhere
地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导,已经形成了固定的句型:
句型1:Where+地点从句,(there)+主句。
【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”;主句在从句后面时,there可用可不用;如果主句在从句的前面时,一般都不用there。
例如:Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方,耕作是困难的,或根本不可能的。
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
句型2:Anywhere/ wherever+地点从句,+主句。
【注意】anywhere本身是个副词,但是,常可以引导从句,相当于连词,意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后。 而wherever本身就是个连词,表示“在何处,无论何处”。例如:
Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海员。
3、原因状语从句:
常用引导词:because=in that, since=now that(既然), as, for(补充说明)
特殊引导词:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that(考虑到)
4、目的状语从句:
常用引导词:so that, in order that
特殊引导词: for fear that(唯恐/生怕),in the hope that(带着..希望), for the purpose that(带着..目的), to the end that
5、结果状语从句:
常用引导词:so … that, such … that
特殊引导词:such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that
6、条件状语从句:
常用引导词:if, unless,
特殊引导词:as/so long as(只要), only if, providing/provided that(倘若), supposing that(倘若), in case that(以防), on condition that
7、让步状语从句:
常用引导词:though, although, even if, even though(即使)
特殊引导词: as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter …, in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever, as if=as though(仿佛)
8、比较状语从句:
常用引导词:as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词:the more … the more … ; just as …, so…;
A is to B what /as X is to Y(A对B来说,像X对Y一样);
no … more than; not A so much as B
9、方式状语从句:
常用引导词:as, as if, how
特殊引导词:the way