定语从句是英语学习的一个重要语法项目,也是英语考试的热点之一。小编下面主要跟大家分享下定语从句中引导词的选择技巧,供大家参考。
1. 根据引导词在定语从句中的语法功能进行选择。
① I will never forget the days when I stayed in Peking University.
② I will never forget the days which / that I spent in Peking University.
③ He is no longer the boy that he used to be.
句①中 stayed 是不及物动词,引导词 when 在从句中作时间状语。
句②中 spent 是及物动词,引导词 which / that 在从句中作 spent 的宾语。
句③中引导词 that 在从句中作表语。
2. 根据先行词及先行词前的修饰词来选择。
① This is the most beautiful place that I visited last year.
② This is the place which / that I visited last year.
句①中先行词 place 前有形容词最高级修饰,引导词只能用 that。
句②中先行词 place 前没有形容词最高级修饰,引导词用 which 或 that 均可。
要注意,在下列情况下只能用 that 而不能用 which。
(1)先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
例句:It's the first composition that I have written in English.
(2)先行词前有 any, all, few, little, the only, the right, the very, the last 等修饰时。
例句:You can take any seat that is free.
(3)先行词是不定代词 all, some, something, anything, nothing 等时。
例句:Is there anything that I can do for you?
( 4 )先行词中既有人又有物时。
例句:He told us the people and places that he had visited.
( 5 )在 there be 结构中,先行词指物时。
例句:There is a book on the desk that I am interested in.
( 6 )在由 which, who, whom 等开头的疑问句中。
例句:Which is the book that interests you most?
3. 根据引导词在定语从句中的位置及意义进行选择。
① Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.
② Taiwan, as is known to all, is a part of China.
③ As anybody can see, the elephant's nose is like a snake.
关系代词as和which在非限制性定语从句中均可指代主句的全部或部分内容。但 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在句末,如句①,而as引导的非限制性定语从句既可放在句末,也可放在句中或句首,如句②和句③。另外,which引导的非限制性定语从句常与主句有种因果关系,可译作“所以”,语气不强时可不必译出。as引导的非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句时,往往与系动词搭配使用,可译作“这一点,正如”。
4. 根据定语从句的性质进行选择。
① The park, which we visited yesterday, is very beautiful.
② The park which / that we visited yesterday is very beautiful.
非限制性定语从句不能用 that 来引导,并且作宾语的引导词不能省略;而限制性定语从句不受限制。句①就是非限制性定语从句,故引导词只能用which,句②是限制性定语从句,故引导词用which或that均可。
5. 根据定语从句中介词所在的位置进行选择。
① This is the room in which I used to live.
② This is the room which / that I used to live in.
定语从句中如介词前置,作其宾语的引导词就不能用 that ,而只能用 which ,且不可省略,故句①只能用 which ;句②则用 which 或 that 均可,且可省略。但要注意,含有介词的短语动词一般不能将介词拆开前置,只能放在动词之后。
例句:The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very happy.
6. 关系代词 as 引导定语从句时,常与 the same, such, so 等搭配。
例句:He is doing the same work as I am.他正在做着和我一样的工作。
7. that 有时被用作关系副词,代替 in / on / for which ,并且常常被省略。
例句:The way ( that / in which ) you look at problem is wrong.