Ⅱ.重点句型详解

1．Frederick William I, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history.

普鲁士国王腓特烈•威廉一世永远想象不到他赠给俄罗斯人民的最厚重的礼物会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。

本句中 could never have imagined为情态动词表推测的用法，can和 could可以用在否定句和疑问句中，后接完成式，表示对已发生的事情的惊讶、怀疑、猜测或不相信等；或接进行时，表示对正发生的事情的惊讶、怀疑、猜测或不相信等；或接原形，表示对现在或一般情况的否定推测。

①Could/Can he have been told the news?

他被告知这个消息了吗？

②He knew little about Japanese, so he couldn't have learned it. 他对日语一无所知，因此他不可能学过。

③The light is out. They can't be at home.

灯灭着，他们现在不可能在家。

拓展：

(1)can/could主要用于否定推测；must 表推测只用于肯定句；mustn't表示“禁止；不允许”。情态动词 can和 must表推测时，其反意疑问句的动词形式要依据主句中有无具体时间状语而定。

(2)could have done用于肯定句，则表示“本来能够做到却没有做到”，此时 could不能换成 can。

①It seems that he is unhappy. He must have been told the bad news.

看起来他不高兴，他一定已被告知这个坏消息了。

②He could have caught the early bus, but his bike broke down on the way.

他本能够赶上那辆早班车，但是他的自行车在路上坏了。

[即境活用1](1)I ______have been more than six years old when the accident happened.

A．shouldn‘t　　　　　　　 B．couldn't

C．mustn't   D．needn't

解析：本题考查情态动词的用法。must表推测只能用于肯定句，否定句用 can't/couldn't 代替。shouldn't have done表示“本来不该而实际上却做了”，needn't have done表示“本来不必而实际上却做了”，均不合题意。本句译为：当事故发生时我不可能超过6岁。

答案：B 

(2)He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free.

A．could   B．would

C．must   D．need

解析：本题考查情态动词 could have done 表示本来能办到的事，而没有做成。本句译为：他本可以免费进入，却买了票。

答案：A

2．After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. 从那以后，琥珀屋的最终所归便成了一个谜。

remain a mystery为系表结构，在该结构中，remain为系动词，意为“(继续)保持，仍然处于(某种状态)”，后接名词、形容词、分词、介词短语等做表语。

①Where he has gone remains a mystery.他去哪里了仍然是个谜。

②Shops remain open till late in the evening.商店营业到晚上很晚。

③Much work remains undone. 还有大量的工作未做。

④They remained listening. 他们一直在听。

⑤The patient remained in danger. 病人仍处在危险中。

⑥That remains to be seen. 那还有待观察。

⑦Since it's been a secret so long, it had better remain so.

既然它已是长时间的秘密，还是继续保密为好。

拓展：(1)remain还可用做不及物动词，意为“剩下，还有；(继续)待在某处，继续存在，留下”。

①Little of the original architecture remains.

原来的建筑现在留存的已经很少了。

②I'll remain to see the end of the game.

我将留下看比赛的结果。

(2)辨析 remain/stay/keep

①remain继续保持或处于原来的状态。

②stay继续保持或处于原来的状态，与 remain同义，但后面不接 to do或 to be done，多接形容词等构成系表结构。

③keep需要设法才能保持或处于某种状态。

[即境活用2]

(2008•辽宁)Please remain ______； the winner of the prize will be announced soon.

A．seating   B．seated

C．to seat   D．to be seated

解析：考查 remain后接分词做表语，seat vt.“使就坐”，用过去分词 seated做表语。

答案：B

易 错 点 拨 自我完善•误区备考

1. elect/choose/select/pick

(1)elect“选举；选择”，指在一定的范围内或有限的数量中，遵照一定的规章或法制，用投票或举手等表决方式，以多数为标准，选举出代表或负责人；也含有为完成某任务而选择适用的人员的意思。

(2)choose“挑选；选择”，指从若干人或事物中找出符合要求、满足需要的人或事物。这种选择取决于个人主观意志，带有最终选定的含义。

(3)select“精选”，语气比choose重，而且更正式，强调客观性，挑选对象是同类的。

(4)pick常与out连用，有“挑选，选择”之意，指仔细地、精心地选择，带有挑剔意味，有时可与select互换，作“拣出，认出”解。

[应用1]　(1)It took her an hour to ___________ a dress that suited her.

(2)Chu has been ___________ to attend the National Young Leaders’ Conference.

(3)We have __________ him chairman.

(4)You should ____________ friends with care.

pick(out)

selected

elected

choose

2. jewel/jewellery

(1)jewel指“宝石，珠宝”，为可数名词。如：valuable jewels“值钱的珠宝”。它也可引申为“被珍视的东西或人”。

(2)jewellery也可写做jewelry，为不可数名词，是“珠宝”的总称。

[应用2]　(1)He bought a piece of _________ for his wife.

(2)His wife is a ___________ to him.

jewellery

jewel

3. remove/move

remove和move都表示“移动”。区别是move强调位置和姿态的改变；remove强调完全放弃原来的地方而到达新的地方，有时相当于take away/off。表示“迁居”时，二者均可。

[应用3]　(1)What do you advise for _______________ ink from my clothes?

(2)Who __________ my cheese?

(3)We are ______________________ from London to the country.

removing

moved

moving/removing