4、四、六级作文突破:下笔有神作文法

(词汇——句型——段落——篇章四位一体)

一、词汇进阶

1、 作文对于词汇的要求

词汇量;词汇选择;词汇禁忌

Use; Form; Meaning

2、 词汇之打通关节法

Transitional words and phrases

3、 词汇之应试包装法

•词性的正确使用— 生僻不如熟悉

•词义的确定把握— 大词不如小词

•一般词汇和具体词汇。

•Sample:

•1.Lookat ---Blink/gaze/discern/glance/glimpse/inspect/note/notice/observe/peer/stare/survey/watch

2. think----Conclude/consider/contemplate/deduce/gather/guess/infer/judge/reason/reflect/speculate/suppose

二、句子写作进阶

1.长句不如短句,从句不如分词——少犯语法错误,行文流畅。

•E.g.

Yesterday we worked very late and we did’t stop until the clock struck midnight in order that we could fulfill our task on time.

Yesterday we stayed up late, working hard in order to fulfill the task on time.

2. 句子句式多样化,注意时态语态

常用议论文句式:

三、段落进阶:三句式段落展开技法

•一个段落由三类句子组成:

1.主题句(topic sentence)。一般位于段首,提出段落主题、确定段落发展方向及展开模式。

2.扩展句(supporting/developing sentences)。用以阐述、论证、支持、说明主题句的要点。

3.终结句(paragraph terminator 或concluding sentence)。提出结论、深化主题并与主题句呼应。

4-4-2

3-5-2

Sample paragraph

•It is not difficult to make a right choice between buying a house in the low-rise area and buying one in the high-rise area(主题句). If we want to economize and get more personal area, we can choose the low-rise; but if we want to live more comfortably, we will choose the high-rise(扩展句). In short, the key lies in the alternative of economy and comfort(终结句).

例题:Topic: Private cars and city traffic

①近年来中国城市出现的私家车热.

②私家车的优缺点

③你对我国城市私家车发展前景的看法。

¨ 1. Nowadays, more and more cars are being turned out for private use and pouring into the Chinese city’s traffic flow…

¨ 2. Different people have different attitudes towards owning private cars…

¨ 3. With all the disadvantages private cars may have, I think they will not stop increase in number. But some measures have to be taken to ensure their healthy development…

这是一篇典型的提纲式考试短文写作题。

¨ 第一段的主题句立意在more and more private cars 和pouring into the Chinese city’s traffic flow, 明确了该段阐述的重点是私家车“多”和它对城市交通的影响,读者一看主题句就能知道本段接下去是什么内容。

¨ 同样,第二段的要点在different people 对私家车 的different attitudes;

¨ 第三段要着重探讨私家车健康发展的some measures。

1、议论文的“三板斧”(对比分析、现象原因、利弊分析)

2、现象原因

分析原因型作文是议论文写作的常见题型之一。

解题思路:

Topic: 1.问题/现象现状

2.怎样解决(解决方案或原因)

P1: problem ( general ) 现象→( specific) 举例/列举说明

P2: introduction (起)→

cause 1→detail 1

cause 2→ detail 2

cause 3→detail 3

→summary (合)

P3: my view→conclusion (客观委婉)

3、应用文体

书信、投诉信、感谢性、邀请信……

基本要求:

言简意赅;开门见山;表达清晰。

三、图表题

Topic: 1.说明图表 (数据和时间)

2. 引起变化的原因

图表作文通常模式:

•对图表的描述,注意要抓住重要信息,不必面面俱到。

•对图表的概括,指分析图表中现象的原因或解决问题的办法。

•对图表所作的结论,可以是归纳或者是个人引申的观点。 

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