1.We found that when we taught participants to ask “What if?" and "How can?" questions that nobody present would know the answer to and that would spark exploration, they engaged in better inquiry at the next exhibit—asking more questions, performing more experiments and making better interpretations of their results.

句的剖析 

句子主干：We found that…

成分分析：

①第一个that引导的是found的宾语从句，该从句的主干为they engaged in better inquiry。

②句中的when引导一个时间状语从句，该从句中又含有两个并列的定语从句that nobody present would know the answer to和that would spark exploration，一起用来修饰先行词questions。

③破折号后面的asking more questions, performing more experiments and making better interpretations of their results进一步解释说明better inquiry的具体内容。

词的讲解 

participant   n. 参加者，参与者

exploration   n.勘查，考察 ；研究，探究

engage      v. 吸引

engage in    参加，参与

perform     v. 表演，演出 ；执行，履行

句的翻译 

我们发现，当我们教参与者提出“如果？”和“如何？”这些现场没有人知道答案但又会激发探索的问题时，他们在下次展览时会更好的进行研究—提出更多的问题，进行更多的实验并对其研究结果做出更好的解释。

 

2.More than a decade ago, cognitive scientists found that what distinguished young adults from children was not the ability to retain facts or apply prior knowledge to a new situation but a quality they called “preparation for future learning."

句的剖析 

句子主干: cognitive scientists found that…

成分分析：

①  More than a decade ago是时间状语。

②  found 后的that 引导一个宾语从句，其中，what引导的从句作主语，they called “preparation for future learning.”为省略that 的定语从句，用来修饰先行词a quality。

词的讲解 

recession n.（经济）衰退，萧条

句的翻译 

十多年前，认知科学家发现，年轻人与儿童的区别并不在于记住事情或将之前学到的知识应用于新情况的能力，而是在于他们称为“为未来学习作准备”的品质。

 

3.Throughout the 2008 financial crisis and the recession and recovery that followed, central banks have taken on the role of stimulators of last resort,holding up the global economy with vast amounts of money in the form of asset buying.

句的剖析 

句子主干: central banks have taken on the role of stimulators of last resort

成分分析：

①句首的Throughout引导的介词短语中包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰限定the recession and recovery。

②现在分词holding up…asset buying为伴随状语。

词的讲解 

recession  n.（经济）衰退，萧条

recovery  n.恢复，复苏

resort  n.手段

asset  n.资产，财产

句的翻译 

在2008年经济危机以及随后的衰退和复苏期间，中央银行承担了最后的经济刺激者的角色，通过巨额的资产买卖的方式擎起全球经济。