1.Students who have done their research and are confident that there's one school they would be thrilled to get into should, under the current system, probably apply under early decision.

句的剖析 

句子主干：Students…should…apply…

成分分析：

①who have done their research and are confident that there's one school they would be thrilled to get into为定语从句，修饰主语Students。

②…are confident that 是that引导的宾语从句。

③介词短语under early decision作状语。

词的讲解 

thrilled  adj.非常激动的，兴奋的

system  n.  系统；体制

句的翻译 

已经做过研究并确信自己若被录取到某所学校会特别激动的学生，在目前的体制下，很可能会申请提前录取。

 

2.Most of all, though, I wish a tenth ofthe energy that’s spent endlessly debating GM crops was focused on those more pressing challenges for global agriculture.

句的剖析 

句子主干：I wish…

成分分析：

①a tenth…global agriculture 是省略that的宾语从句。

②从句的主干是the energy was focused on challenges。

③that’s spent endlessly debating GM crops是that引导的定语从句，先行词是energy。

④介词短语for global agriculture作challenges的定语。

词的讲解 

pressing   adj. 迫切的，紧迫的

agriculture  n. 农业

句的翻译 

但是最重要的是，我希望人们能拿出花在无休止讨论转基因农作物上时间的十分之一来关注一下全球农业面临的更紧迫的挑战。

 

3.The 2004 Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act, intended to encourage private space vehicles and services, prohibits the transportation secretary（and thereby the FAA）from regulating the design or operation of private spacecraft, unless they have resulted in a serious or fatal injury to crew or passengers.

句的剖析 

句子主干：The 2004 Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act…prohibits…

成分分析：

①intended to encourage private space vehicles and services是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰句子的主语The 2004 Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act

②主句的谓语部分是prohibit sb./sth. from doing结构

③unless引导的是条件状语从句

词的讲解 

intend    v. 计划，打算，想要

prohibit   v. 禁止

regulate   v. 控制，管理；调节，调整[机器]

fatal      adj. 致命的

句的翻译 

2004版《商业太空发射修正法》旨在鼓励私人太空航天器和服务的发展，禁止交通部长（以及联邦航空局）管理私人航天器的设计或操作，除非他们对机组人员或乘客造成了严重或致命的伤害。