2. 同现

同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一语篇中。一个语篇，一个话题，要求有与之相连的词汇（篇章中的词汇链）。

1)名词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个名词。如：

school：primary school—middle school—college—university

students：pupils—graduates—postgraduates

2)动词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个动词。如：

school—teach—learn—attend—found—drop out—graduate—be dismissed

3)形容词同现

就某一语境而言所能出现的形容词也是有规律的。如：在学校这个语境中：（key）school—（optional）course—（compulsory）course

4)结构同现

如：some…others; on one hand…on the other hand; former…latter; so…that; not only…but also; hardly/scarcely…when…; no sooner…than…; be about to do /be doing /had done /be on the point of doing/be to do/be ready to do/be on the way … when…;

eg.I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasn’t empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new ______, dressed neatly.

A. roommate    B. classmate   C. neighbor    D. companion

析：【A】名词同现，从room, furniture,等同现信息可知。

eg.We were ______ to go back for class again when the headmaster called us ( together) and said…

A. about           B. able            C. sorry         D. sure

析：【A】结构同现，be about to do …when…

3.逻辑关系

一个完整的语篇应该是符合逻辑的，文章逻辑关系的取得主要靠过渡词的使用。作者利用转承语保证文章的逻辑，在做完形填空时应通过自己对上下文的理解，找到适当的逻辑关系，然后选择正确的过渡词。学生必掌握常见的过渡词：

1)递进

in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what’s more, what’s worse,

to make matters worse , to make things worse , worse still

2)比较

in the same way, as with, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as

3)对照

in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, on the contrary, while

4)因果

because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result (of), so, thus

5)强调

certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, especially

in particular, absolutely,

6.让步

although, though, after all, in spite of

7)举例

for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.

8)时间和空间

afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, finally, at last

outside, near, beyond, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of

9)总结

to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, in summary