修辞技巧(上)

修辞,即调整、修饰文字词句,是写作、说话的一门艺术,对写作者的语言掌握有较高的要求。

以前有个童话,国王问公主:“我在你心目中像什么?”公主回答:“敬爱的父王,您在我心目中就像盐一样。”国王勃然大怒,把公主赶出了他的国家。故事的经过我忘记了,总之最后,公主用一顿不加盐的菜肴终于使国王懂得,看似微不足道的盐,在我们的生活中扮演的却是多么重要的角色。

修辞就像盐:用得好,会使文章有滋有味;一旦缺乏,语言就会平淡乏味,缺少美感。调味恰当,青菜豆腐都是天下美味咯!

常见的修辞手段有如下几种:

A. 明喻(Simile)

—— Only the chiming of sleigh-bells, beating as swift and merrily as the hearts of children. (Henry W. Longfellow)

B. 暗喻(Metaphor)

—— Spring, the sweet Spring, is the years's pleasant king.(Thomas Nash)

C. 拟人(Personification)

—— But the pine is trained to need nothing and endure everything. It is resolvedly whole, self-contained, desiring nothing but rightness, content with restricted completion. (John Ruskin)

D. 夸张(Exaggeration)

—— Hamlet: I love Ophelia, forty thousand brothers could not, with all their quantity of love, make up my sum. (Shakespare)

E. 借代(Metonymy)

—— Have you ever read Shakespeare?

A. 明喻(Simile)

Far out in the ocean, where the water is as blue as the prettiest cornflower, and as clear as crystal.

在那遥远的海洋,那儿的海水蓝得像最美丽的矢车菊花瓣,清澈得犹如水晶一般。(安徒生《海的女儿》的第一句,好喜欢哦!)

B. 暗喻(Metaphor)

“But he is not a man-- he is a mushroom!”

“他简直不象是个人,他是个蘑菇。”(圣德克旭贝里《小王子》)

C. 拟人(Personification)

The white moon heard it, and she forgot the dawn, and lingered on in the sky. 明月听着歌声,竟然忘记了黎明,只顾在天空中徘徊。(王尔德《夜莺与玫瑰》,非常悲伤及讽刺的一部童话。)

D. 夸张(Exaggeration)

He thought two of his ribs might already have cracked from trying not to laugh.

他因为要憋住不笑已经憋到两根胁骨都快断掉了(J·K·罗琳《哈利波特与神秘的魔法石》)

E. 借代(Metonymy)

You can come in, but your filter-tipped little buddy has to stay outside!

你可以进来,不过你那个带过滤嘴的小伙伴得待外面。(《老友记》第一季第3集;终于想到一句不是童话故事里的了。“带过滤嘴的小伙伴”当然指代又犯烟瘾的钱德嘴上叼着的香烟咯。)
修辞技巧(下)

修辞,即调整、修饰文字词句,是写作、说话的一门艺术,对写作者的语言掌握有较高的要求。
以前有个童话,国王问公主:“我在你心目中像什么?”公主回答:“敬爱的父王,您在我心目中就像盐一样。”国王勃然大怒,把公主赶出了他的国家。故事的经过我忘记了,总之最后,公主用一顿不加盐的菜肴终于使国王懂得,看似微不足道的盐,在我们的生活中扮演的却是多么重要的角色。
修辞就像盐:用得好,会使文章有滋有味;一旦缺乏,语言就会平淡乏味,缺少美感。调味恰当,青菜豆腐都是天下美味咯!

上次介绍了几种常见的修辞手段,还有如下几种:

F. 排比(Parallelism)
—— …the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination.(Martin Luther King)

G. 倒装(Anastrophe)
—— Worse perhaps was the idea of Saturday afternoon cricket; most of my friends would be enjoying leisure at that time.)

H. 反复(Reiteration)
—— And she forgot the stars, the moon, and the sun,
And she forgot the blue above the trees,
And she forgot the dells where waters run,
And she forgot the chilly autumn breeze…(J. Keeds)

I. 反问(Rhetorical Question)
—— What is student life like on “The Farm”?