Other social effects have been blamed on the car such as alienation and aggressive human behaviour. (负面影响)

Car transport is seven times as costly as rail travel in terms of the external social costs it entails such as congestion, accidents, pollution, loss of cropland, and natural habitats, depletion of oil resources, and so on. (负面影响)

Technical solutions can reduce the pollution problem and increase the efficiency of engines.  (解决办法)

But fuel consumption and exhaust emissions depends on which cars are preferred by customers and how they are driven. (解决办法)

One solution that has been put forward is the long-term solution of designing cities and neighbourhoods so that car journeys are not necessary——all essential services being located within walking distance or easily accessible by public transport. (解决办法)

A more likely scenario seems to be a combination of mass transit systems for travel into and around cities, with small “low emission” cars for urban use and larger hybrid or lean burn cars for use elsewhere. (解决办法)

Electronically tolled highways might be used to ensure that drivers pay charges geared to actual road use. (解决办法)

在雅思写作考试中，类似话题的大作文考题出现频率非常高：

One long-distance flight consumes fuel which a car uses in several years’ time, but they cause the same amount of pollution. So some people think that we should discourage non-essential flights, such as tourist travel, rather than to limit the use of cars. To what extent do you agree or disagree? （06.03.25）

The best way to solve the world’s environmental problem is to increase the price of fuel. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? （06.06.17）

Individuals can do nothing to improve the environment. Only governments and large companies can make a difference. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? （07.02.03 =04.02.28）

The consumption of the resources on the earth is increasing at an alarming rate and above a dangerous level. What are the causes of this? What can be done to reduce it? （07.08.16）

The unlimited use of cars may cause many problems. What are those problems? In order to reduce the problems, should we discourage people to use?（07.09.08）

Some believe that environmental protection is very important but they do not do anything about it. Why does it happen? How can we do to solve the problem? (2008.09.13) Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, natural gas, are used in many countries, but in some countries, the use of alternative sources of energy, including wind and solar power, are encouraged. Is this trend a positive or a negative development? (2009.05.30)

Nowadays, technology developments are causing environmental problems. Many people think that we should live a simpler life while others believe that technology can solve environmental problems. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. (09.02.12)

Some people believe that environmental problems are too big for individuals to deal with, while others think that individuals should take some actions. Discuss both views and give your opinion. (09.01.21)

The environment problems facing today's world are so great that there is little ordinary people can do to improve the situation. Government and large companies should be responsible for reducing the amount of damage being done to the environment. To what extend do you agree or disagree? (2009.10.31)

因此，专家建议雅思烤鸭们在准备雅思考试的过程中，一定要把类似话题的阅读文章内容和大作文构思相结合，做到一箭双雕。

（未完待续）