一般过去时的用法(巩固篇)
2015-10-10 22:36
一般过去时的用法
一、概述(回顾)
1.表示在的过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, in 1982等。 如:
1)I was at the zoo yesterday. 昨天我在动物园。
2)I went to bed at eleven last nigth. 昨晚我11:00睡觉。 2.表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。
1)When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我在小的时候,我经常在街道上踢足球。
2)My father often drove to work last year. 去年,我爸爸经常开车上班。
二、句子结构
1.在表示某个时间里存在的状态的句子,系动词用过式was,were构成。 如:
(1)I was at home yesterday. 昨天我在家。
(2)We were in the gym just now. 刚才我们在体育馆。
2.在表示过去某个时间里发生的动作,用动词的过去式构成。 如:I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜访了我的叔叔。
3.各种句式
(1)一般过去时的肯定陈述句:
主语 + 动词过去式 + 宾语或表语。
He worked in Shanghai ten years ago.
(2)一般过去时的否定句:
a.主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 宾语。 (did + not = didn't)
He didn't do morning exercises yesterday. b.主语 + wasn’t/weren’t +表语。(was + not = wasn't were + not = weren't)
He wasn't an English teacher ten years ago.
(3)一般过去时的一般疑问句:
a.Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 宾语 ? Did you study English in 1990 ?
b.Was/Were + 主语 + 表语 ?
Was he a pupil five years ago ?
(4)一般过去时的特殊疑问句:
a.特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 宾语? Where did your parents live five years ago? What did you do last Sunday?
b.特殊疑问词 + were/was + 表语? Who was at the zoo yesterday?
三、时间特征
在一般过去时句子中,通常与下列表示过去的时间状语连用:yesterday, yesterday morning, yesterday afternoon, yesterday evening, the day before yesterday(前天), last night, last week, last month, last year, a moment ago(刚才), just now(刚才), two days ago, a week ago, in 1990,
四、动词过去式的构成规律
(一)规则动词的过去式
1.一般情况下,在动词原形后面加-ed。 look→looked play→played start→started visit→visited
2.以不发音e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-d。 live→lived use→used
3.以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词,先将 y 改为i ,再加 –ed。 study→studied, try→tried fly→flied
4.以重读闭音节(即辅音+元音+辅音)或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要先双写这个辅音字母后,再加 –ed。
stop→stopped plan→planned, prefer→preferred
(二)不规则动词的过去式 1.改变动词中的元音
begin→began drink→drank
come→came eat→ate grow→grew run→ran know→knew
win→won speak→spoke take→took write→wrote get→got
2.变词尾的–d 为–t build→built lend→lent send→sent spend→spent bend→bent
3.与动词原形一样 cut→cut put→put cost→cost hurt→hurt shut→shut
4.变-ay 为-aid (少数动词) say→said pay→paid lay→laid
5.采用不同词根: sell→sold teach→taught buy→bought
6.其他 am/is→was,