黑猩猩和倭黑猩猩之间具有相近的血缘关系，而他们之间的行为却大不相同！



Hints:
chimpanzee
bonobo
limbic system
amygdala
anterior insula
prefrontal cortex

选材／校对／翻译：hqj5715
They diverged from each other one to 2 million years ago. Compared with their ancestors' split from humans about 6 million years ago, that's pretty recent. Even though they're closely related, their behavior is very different. Chimps are more aggressive, and use intimidation to interact with others. They are the warriors. Bonobos, on the other hand, are more tolerant and playful, and use sex to handle their anxiety. They are more aggressive than humans, but considered the "lovers" of the primate world. Scientists think those distinctions are caused by physical differences in the brain. Yes! They used neuro-imaging to measure how developed different brain regions are. Bonobos have more developed areas in the limbic system, the emotional part of the brain. Two of those areas, the amygdala and anterior insula are thought to be areas responsible for empathy in humans. They also found that the pathway connecting the amygdala to the prefrontal cortex is larger, giving bonobos better ability to sense another individual's stress. Chimps have better visual pathways, which would enable them to be better tool users.
两百万年前黑猩猩和倭黑猩猩彼此分成两个分支。相对与他们的祖先与人类分支开来的差不多6百万年，这个时间还是比较近的。尽管他们关系密切，但是他们的行为却区别很大。 黑猩猩相对较好斗，他们会使用恐吓而影响别的猩猩。他们像战士一样。另一方面，倭黑猩猩却相对忍耐、贪玩的多，他们用性来解决他们的焦虑。他们都比人类好斗，但是却被认为是灵长类世界的情人。 科学家们认为那些区别是由于他们大脑之中内在的不同造成的。 是的！ 科学家们使用神经成像系统来测定已经形成的不同脑部区域是怎样的。倭黑猩猩在边缘系统具有较多的成熟区域，边缘系统是大脑中控制情感的部分。那些区域中的杏仁核和前岛在人类中被认为是负责感情变化的区域。 科学家们也发现沟通杏仁核与额前皮质的通路较大，进而使得倭黑猩猩较强理解其他猩猩压力的能力。黑猩猩具有较好的视觉通路，这使得他们能够很好的使用工具。