Passage Three
What, besides children, connects mothers around the world and across he seas of time? It’s chicken soup, on prominent American food expert says.
From Russian villages to Africa and Asia, chicken soup has bee the remedy fro those weak in body and spirit. Mothers passed their knowledge on to ancient writers of Greece, China and Rome, and even the 12th century philosopher and physician Moses Mainmides extolled (赞美) its virtues.
Among the ancients, Aristotle thought poultry should stand in higher estimation than four-legged animals because the air is less dense than the earth. Chickens got another boost (吹捧) in the book of Genesis, where it is written that birds and fish were created on the fifth day, a day before four-legged animals.
But according to Mimi Sheraton, who has spent much of the past three years exploring the world of chicken soup, much of the reason for chicken’s real or imagined curative (治愈) powers comes from its color.
Her new book, “The Whole World Loves Chicken Soup”, looks at the beloved and mysterious brew, with dozens of recipes from around the world. “Throughout the ages,” she said, “there has been a lot of feeling that white-colored foods are easier to eat for the weak—women and the ill,” In addition, “soups, or anything for that matter eaten with a spoon” are considered “comfort foods.” Sheraton said.
“I love soup and love making soup and as I was collecting recipes I began to see this as an international dish….It has a universal mystique as something curative, a strength builder,” Sheraton said from her New York home.
Her book treats the oldest remedy as if it was brand new.
The National Broiler Council, the trade group representing the chicken industry, reported that 51 percent of the people it surveyed said they bought chicken because it was healthier, 50 percent said it was versatile, 41 percent said it was economical and 46 percent said it was low in fat.
46. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A. Prominent American Foods
B. History of the Chicken Soup
C. Chicken Soup Recipes
D. Chicken Soup, a Universal Cure-all
47. Since ancient times, the value of chicken soup ________.
A. has been over-estimated
B. has been widely acknowledged
C. has been appreciated only by philosophers
D. has been known only to mother.
48. Which of the following statements is not true?
A. Chicken soup has a very long history.
B. Since ancient times, chicken soup has been a home remedy.
C. Poultry usually stands higher than four-legged animal.
D. Four-legged animals were said to be created on the sixth day.
49. Chicken soup has curative powers mainly for _____according to Sheraton.
A. its color  B. its taste   C. its flavor   D. its recipe
50. It can be said from the survey that chicken is ______.
A. a main dish  
B. a popular food  
C. cheaper than any other food
D. All of the above
 
Passage Four
Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life.
With the tools of technology he has altered many physical features of the earth. He has transformed woodlands into farmland, and made lakes and reservoirs out of rivers for irrigation purposes or hydroelectric power. Man has also modified the face of the earth by draining marshes and cutting through mountains to build roads and railways.
However, man’s changes to physical environment have not always had beneficial results. Today, pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet. Each day thousands of tons of gases come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles; smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding areas of countryside. The air in cities is becoming increasingly unhealthy.
The pollution of water is equally harmful. In the sea, pollution from oil is increasing and is killing enormous numbers of algae (水藻), fish and birds. The whole ecological balance of the sea is being changed. The same problem exists in rivers. Industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless.
Conservationists believe that it is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to survive on earth.
51. Man has changed his physical environment with a view to ________.
A. altering the physical features of the earth
B. bettering his way of life
C. improving his surroundings
D. modifying the face of the planet
52. According to the passage, pollution of the air and water is caused by _____.
A. thousands of tons of gases coming out of the exhausts of motor vehicles
B. the changes of the environment than technology has brought to man
C. the increasing amount of oil that has been produced
D. industrial wastes discharged into rivers
53. The ecological balance of the sea is lost when _________.
A. people consume more fish than they used to
B. the ecological balance of the river is lost
C. large numbers of algae, fish and birds are killed
D. the production of marine petroleum is increased
54. Who would most probably disagree with conservationists?
A. Industrialist. B. Ecologists.  C. Businessmen   D. Environmentalists.
55. The purpose of the writer is _________.
A. to reduce modern technology
B. to improve man’s way of life.
C. to warn people not to change the natural environment
D. to call attention to the protection of the natural environment
 
Passage Five
We all associate colors with feeling and attitudes. In politics dark blue often means “tradition” and red means “social change”. But blue can also mean sadness (I’m feeling blue). White is often for purity, although in China white is worn for funerals, and red is used to express the joy of a wedding, in western Europe whiter is worn at weddings and black for funerals advertisers are aware of the importance of selecting colors according to the way people react to them. Soap powders come in white and light blue packets (clean and cold, like ice); cereals often come in brown packets (like wheat fields), but cosmetics never come in brown jars (dirty!).
Where do these ideas come from? Maxi Luscher from the University of Geneva believes that in the beginning life was dictated by two factors beyond our control: night and day. Night brought passivity, and a general slowing down of metabolism (新陈代谢); day brought with it the possibility of action, and increase in the metabolic rate, thus providing us with energy and initiative. Dark blue, therefore, is the color of quiet and passivity, bright yellow the color of hope and activity.
In prehistoric times, activity as a rule took one of two forms: either we were hunting and attacking, or were being hunted and defending ourselves against attack. Attack is universally represented by the color red; self-preservation by its complement green.
56. In Luscher’s view, the association of colors with feeling and attitudes can be traced back to the association of ________.
A. day and night with passivity and action in ancient time
B. black with funerals in western Europe
C. white with purity in some countries
D. red with joy in China
57. Which of the following is not true?
A. Dark blue brings tragedy.
B. Dark blue means tradition.
C. Dark blue represents night.
D. Dark blue indicates quietness.
58. Soap powders come in white and light blue packets to _____.
A. resemble ice
B. show quality
C. suggest purity
D. attract customers
59. In Luscher’s view, which of the following colors is associated with defense?
A. Red   B. Blue   C. Dark  D. Green
60. According to the passage, what kind of people would probably favor yellow?
A. People who are passive and conservative.
B. People who are creative and aggressive.
C. People who are hopeful and active.
D. People who are ideal and dreamy.
 
Passage Six
More surprising, perhaps, than the current difficulties of traditional marriage is the fact that marriage itself is alive and thriving. As Skolnick notes, Americans are a marrying people: relative to Europeans, more of us marry and we marry at a younger age. Moreover, after a decline in the early 1970s, the rate of marriage in the United States is now increasing. Ever the divorce rate needs to be taken in this pro-marriage context: some 80 percent of divorced individuals remarry. Thus, marriage remains, by far, the preferred way of life for the vast majority of people in our society.
What has changed more than marriage is the nuclear family. Twenty-five years ago, the typical American family consisted of a husband, a wife, and two or three children. Now, there are many marriages in which couples have decided not to have any children. And there are many marriages where at least some of the children are form the wife’s previous marriage, or the husband’s, or both. Sometimes these children spend all of their time with one parent from the former marriage; sometimes they are shared between the two former spouses (配偶).
Thus one can find the very type of family arrangement. There are marriages without children; marriages with children from only the present marriage; marriages with “full-time” children from the present marriage and “part-time” children from former marriages. There are stepfathers, stepmothers, half-brothers, and half-sisters. It is not all that unusual for a child to have four parents and eight grandparents! These are enormous changes from the traditional nuclear family. But even so, even in the midst of all this, there remains one constant; most Americans spend most of their adult lives married.
61. By calling Americans marrying people the author means that ______.
A. Americans are more traditional than Europeans
B. Americans expert more out of marriage than Europeans
C. there are more married couples in U.S. A than in Europe
D. more of Americans, as compared with Europeans, prefer marriage and they accept it at a younger age
62. Divorced Americans _______.
A. will most likely remarry
B. prefer the way they live
C. have lost faith in marriage
D. are the vast majority of people in the society
63. Which of the following can be presented as the picture of today’s American families?
A. A typical American family consists of only a husband and a wife.
B. Many types of family arrangements have become socially acceptable.
C. Americans prefer to have more kids than before.
D. There are no nuclear families any more.
64. “Part-time” children ________.
A. spend some of their time with their half-brothers and some of their time with their half-sisters
B. spend all of their time with one parent from the previous marriage
C. are shared between the tow former spouses
D. cannot stay with “full-time” children
65. Even though great changes have taken place in the structure of American families, ________.
A. the functions of marriage remain unchanged
B. most Americans prefer a second marriage
C. the vast majority of Americans still have faith in marriage
D. all of the above
 
Part IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: There are twenty blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
Business and government leaders also consider the inflation rate to be an important general indicator. Inflation is a period of increased  66  that causes rapid rises in prices.  67  your money buys fewer goods so that you get  68  for the same amount of money as before, inflation is the problem. There is a general rise  69  the price of goods and services. Your money buys less. Sometimes people describe inflation as a(n)  70  when “a dollar is not worth a dollar anymore”.
Inflation is a problem for all consumers. People who live on a fixed income are hurt the  71  . Retired people, for instance, cannot  72  on an increase in income as prices rise. Elderly people who do not work face serious problems in stretching their incomes to  73  their needs in time of inflation. Retirement income  74  any fixed income usually does not rise as fast as prices. Many retired people must cut their spending to  75  rising prices. In many cases they must stop  76  some necessary items, such as food and clothing. Even  77  working people whose incomes are going up, inflation can be a problem. The  78  of living goes up, too. People who work must have even more money to keep up their standard of living. Just buying the things they need costs more. When incomes do not keep  79  with rising prices, the standard of living goes down. People may be earning the same amount of money, but they are not living  80  because they are not able to buy as many goods and services.
Government units gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes  81  the rate of change can be determined. A price index measures changes in prices using the price for a  82  year as the base. The base price is set  83  100, and the other prices are reported as a  84  of the base price. A price index makes  85  possible to compare current prices of typical consumer goods, for example, with prices of the same goods in previous years.
66. A. spending           B. demanding       C. consuming      D. saving
67. A. Because             B. While              C. Since              D. When
68. A. much               B. little        C. more              D. less
69. A. in                     B. on                  C. at                   D. to
70. A. chance             B. time                C. moment                 D. occasion
71. A. best                  B. least                C. most               D. worst
72. A. rely                  B. rest                 C. depend            D. count
73. A. meet                 B. obtain              C. care                D. acquire
74. A. or                    B. and                 C. excluding         D. including
75. A. live up to           B. catch up on     C. put up with     D. keep up with
76. A. to buy                B. buying            C. having bought  D. from buying
77. A. from                 B. to                   C. of                   D. if
78. A. price                  B. level                C. cost                D. if
79. A. race                   B. pace               C. speed              D. step
80. A. as usual             B. as well            C. as before                D. as such
81. A. in which            B. from which      C. of which         D. by which
82. A. last                   B. given               C. fixed               D. definite
83. A. on                    B. by                  C. at                    D. against
84. A. portion              B. percentage       C. proportion       D. fraction
85. A. it                      B. us                   C. one                 D. you
 
Paper Two 试卷二
Part I Error Detection and Correction (10 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts. These parts are marked A, B, C and D. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect. Then, write down the corresponding letter and, without altering the meaning of the sentence, put the correction on the ANSWER SHEET.
1.       Not too many years ago my mother jogged in the alley behind our house because
      A             B
she was embarrassed to see jogging in public.
                  C           D
2.       One expert remarks that a computer with so many tubes as the brain has neurons
              A                      B                     C
would require the Empire State Building to contain it.
   D
3.       Despite this similarity with other creatures, the evolution of humankind differs
     A                    B
from other species in one important and unique way.
       C          D
4.       The scientists, concerned about the potential hazards, wanted the latest research
                   A                                   B
finding made publicly.
     C      D
5.       Among all the poems I have read recently, Thomas Hardy’s “The Darkling Trust”
     A
seems the most relevant to our times.
  B                C     D
6.       The president devoted his energies to update the curricula, making the education
                          A        B               C
offered at Washington College as meaningful and usual as possible.
                                               D
7.       Failure to advertise could result in either reduced sales and less profit nor legal
                    A                  B           C       D
actions.
8.       Suddenly, Gallup’s name was on everyone’s lips; not only he was the prophet of
                                 A                  B
the moment, but it was generally believed that he had founded a new and most
           C                                       D
important method of prediction.
9.       Usually you will be more likely to find insects if you examine finer twigs
                      A                  B
rather than the coarse parts of trees.
  C         D
10.   Office revolution not only has changed how work is done but redefined the
                   A                 B                C
function of everyone who works in an office.
                         D
 
Part II Translation
Directions: Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
在过去的几十年里，可能没有任何话题比领导艺术更受到管理研究者的关注，在管理人员的培训和开发方面，领导艺术也是最热闹的话题之一。这表明专业管理人员对探索卓有成效的领导艺术的奥秘很感兴趣。
Part III Writing
Directions: Migrant workers made a great contribution to the prosperity of cities (外地民工为城市繁荣做出了很大贡献). In this part, you are to write within 30 minutes a composition of 100 words or so about the role of migrant workers(外地民工的作用). You can agree or disagree, completely or partially to the above statement. But no matter which position you take, you should give sound supporting reasons.