深入推进医药卫生改革发展。城乡居民大病保险试点扩大到所有省份,疾病应急救助制度基本建立,全民医保覆盖面超过95%。
We intensified efforts to reform and develop medical and health care. Trials of serious illness insurance for rural and non-working urban residents were extended to all provincial-level administrative areas, the framework of the system for providing assistance for emergency medical treatment was established, and over 95% of the whole population was covered by medical insurance.

深入推进 intensify efforts to
医药卫生 medical and health care
试点 trials
全民 the whole population
大病保险 serious illness insurance
城乡居民 rural and non-working urban residents
疾病应急救助制度 the system for providing assistance for emergency medical treatment

Trial → 指为观察、研究某事物以区别其真伪、优劣或效果等而进行较长时间的试验或试用过程。
Pilot→ 指导 [向导] 的; 指示的,指标的; 试验 (性) 的;
a pilot farm 实验农场
a pilot plant 新生产方式等的) 试验 [实验] 工厂
pilot production 实验性的生产

Framework,和上篇的 Scheme 类似,其貌不扬但意义丰富,可以表示构架, 骨架; 构造, 组织, 机构等。
a set of ideas, rules, or beliefs from which something is developed, or on which decisions are based

development framework 发展体系
legal framework 法律体制
regulatory framework 规章制度
framework for environmental action 环境行动纲领
within the ~ of the existing organization 在现存组织的结构之内

基层医疗卫生机构综合改革深化,县乡村服务网络逐步完善。公立医院改革试点县市达到 1300 多个。
The comprehensive reform of community medical and healthcare centers was deepened, and the networks of medical and healthcare services for counties, townships, and villages have been steadily improved. The number of counties and county-level cities carrying out trial public hospital reforms reached over 1,300.

“公立医院改革试点县市”,报告里有很多这种(修饰)+(中心词)的结构,(中心词)+ doing/to/for 是比较常见的译法,that 有时也用,不过不如其他的简洁。再如下文的“文化惠民项目” cultural initiatives designed to benefit the public 也是一种处理方式。

基层医疗卫生机构 community medical and healthcare centers
县乡村 counties, townships, and villages

基层:
到基层就业 look to the community level to find employment
基层工作人员 employees at the community level
加强基层和青少年交流 promote local and youth exchanges

积极发展文化事业和文化产业。推动重大文化惠民项目建设,广播电视“村村通”工程向“户户通”级。
We worked actively to develop the cultural sector. Progress was made in developing major cultural initiatives designed to benefit the public. Great efforts were made to extend radio and television coverage not only to all villages but to all rural homes.

“村村通”、“户户通” 没有直接翻译,而是揉进了句子。比较难的词可以借鉴。

积极 work actively
文化事业和文化产业 the cultural sector
文化事业 cultural undertakings

实施文艺精品战略,完善现代文化市场体系。群众健身活动蓬勃开展,成功举办南京青奥会。
Efforts were made to ensure the production of more high-quality literary and artistic works, and the modern culture market was improved. Popular fitness activities are flourishing nationwide, and the 2014 Summer Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing were a great success.

群众健身活动 popular fitness activities
蓬勃开展 flourish

"成功举办",动词化名词。精品 high-quality,英译汉可以借鉴这里,很多人一说 good 就是好,其实可以不局限于字面,例如

good soil 肥沃的土壤  
a car with good brakes 刹车可靠的汽车   
good English 规范的英语  
good debts 确可偿还的债务
a good conductor 良导体  

汉译英也是一样,前提都是对语言的驾驭能力。不仅仅是记忆的问题。

五是创新社会管理,促进和谐稳定。
Fifth, we have been developing new forms of social governance, and promoting social harmony and stability.

创新社会管理 develop new forms of social governance

我们妥善应对自然灾害和突发事件,有序化解社会矛盾,建立健全机制,强化源头防范,保障人民生命安全,维护良好的社会秩序。
We responded effectively to natural disasters and emergencies, worked to resolve social problems in a systematic way, and strengthened mechanisms to address problems at the source. These efforts have protected lives and ensured public order.

自然灾害和突发事件 natural disasters and emergencies
有序 in a systematic way
化解 resolve

Resolve 意思也很多,这类词往往让人头疼,类似的还有 oblige 等,不过 resolve 相对还好,意思基本围着“决”这个字。

Her arrival did little to resolve the situation. (解决)
她来後也未能解决什麽问题.
The union resolved to strike by 36 votes to 15. (表决)
工会以36票对15票通过决议举行罢工.
She resolved that she would never see him again/never to see him again.(决心) 她决心不再见他.

去年云南鲁甸、景谷等地发生较强地震,我们及时高效展开抗震救灾,灾后恢复重建顺利推进。
Last year, when strong earthquakes hit in areas including Ludian and Jinggu counties in Yunnan Province, we launched timely and efficient relief efforts and made smooth progress in post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.

when 这个词不错,又是一个体现逻辑的办法。为什么要体现逻辑,因为汉语太散了,都用平铺直叙,翻译出来会更乏味单调。

及时高效 timely and efficient (译出核心意思,不必和原文一样高大全)
恢复重建 recovery and reconstruction (个人毕竟不是特别喜欢这个译法,recovery 理论上应该也是可以包括 reconstruction的)

积极援非抗击埃博拉疫情,有效防控疫情输入。
We worked proactively to assist Africa in the fight against Ebola, and effectively prevented the virus from entering China.

积极:work proactively, actively

“输入”译为 enter,容易让人想起翻译就是重写的说法,真的不能局限在字面。理解透意思,不能完全抠字眼。

加强安全生产工作,事故总量、重特大事故、重点行业事故持续下降。着力治理餐桌污染,食品药品安全形势总体稳定。
We intensified efforts to ensure workplace safety and achieved reductions in the number of total accidents, serious and major accidents, and accidents in key industries. Serious efforts were made to prevent food contamination, and on the whole the situation was kept stable in food and medicine safety.

安全生产工作 workplace safety
下降 reduction (动词变名词)
重点行业事故 accidents in key industries
着力 serious efforts
餐桌污染 food contamination

Contamination: to spoil the purity of something or make it poisonous
精神污染 ideological contamination

Pollute → 泛指使水面、空气、大气环境变脏,不适于在其中生活或使用,所涉及的不洁物常常是大宗的、广泛的、直接可见的。例如:Garbage pollutes our rivers and streams.

Contaminate →指有害或不良脏物传布遍及原本纯净之物,常指一种缓慢的、间接传播的、意想不到的,或为一般手段所无法察觉的变化,如病菌、放射性尘埃或其他有害化学物质所造成的污染。例如:Flies contaminates food.