PART V  TRANSLATION (60 MIN)


SECTION A   CHINESE TO ENGLISH

Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

 照相是一种既兼并客观世界，又表达独特自我的技术。照片描绘业已存在的客观现实，不过只有造相机才能揭示这种客观现实。照片反映个别摄影者的气质，这种气质是通过照相机剪裁现实而显示出来的。那就是说，摄影术有两个相互对立的观念：第一，摄影术是反映世界的，摄影者只不过是无足轻重的观察者； 第二，摄影术是无畏探索的主观性的手段，摄影者决定一切。


SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

  Translate the following underlined part of the text into Chinese. write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

There are few words which are used more loosely than the word ‘civilization’. What does it mean? It means a society based upon the opinion of civilians. It means that violence, the rule of warriors and despotic chiefs, the conditions of camps and warfare, of riot and tyranny, give place to parliaments where laws are made, and independent courts of justice in which over long periods those laws are maintained.  That is Civilization ---and in its soil grow continually freedom, comfort and culture. When Civilization reigns in any country, a wider and less harassed life is afforded to the masses of the people, the traditions of the past are cherished, and the inheritance bequeathed to us by former wise or valiant men becomes a rich estate to be enjoyed and used by all.


PART IV   WRITING  (45 MIN)

Throughout our life, we are more often than not faced with various crises. Confronting crises, different people respond differently.  What is your attitude toward crises? Write an essay of about 400 words to state your view.

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供稿：
北京环球时代学校