第三十一条 单位犯罪的，对单位判处罚金，并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员判处刑罚。本法分则和其他法律另有规定的，依照规定。

Article 31 Where a unit commits a crime, it shall be fined, and the persons who are directly in charge and the other persons who are directly responsible for the crime shall be given criminal punishment.  Where it is otherwise provided for in the Specific Provisions of this Law or in other laws, those provisions shall prevail.

  第三十二条 刑罚分为主刑和附加刑。

Article 32 Punishments are divided into principal punishments and supplementary punishments.

　第三十三条 主刑的种类如下：

Article 33 The principal punishments are as follows:

　　（一）管制；

(1) public surveillance;

　　（二）拘役；

(2) criminal detention;

　　（三）有期徒刑；

(3) fixed-term imprisonment;

　　（四）无期徒刑；

(4) life imprisonment; and

　　（五）死刑。

(5) the death penalty.

　第三十四条 附加刑的种类如下：

Article 34 The supplementary punishments are as follows:

　　（一）罚金；

(1) fine;

　　（二）剥夺政治权利；

(2) deprivation of political rights; and

　　（三）没收财产。

(3) confiscation of property.

　　附加刑也可以独立适用。

Supplementary punishments may be imposed independently.

　第三十五条 对于犯罪的外国人，可以独立适用或者附加适用驱逐出境。

Article 35 Deportation may be imposed independently or supplementarily to a foreigner who commits a crime.

　第三十六条 由于犯罪行为而使被害人遭受经济损失的，对犯罪分子除依法给予刑事处罚外，并应根据情况判处赔偿经济损失。

Article 36 If a victim has suffered economic losses as a result of a crime, the criminal shall, in addition to receiving a criminal punishment according to law, be sentenced to making compensation for the economic losses in the light of the circumstances.

　　承担民事赔偿责任的犯罪分子，同时被判处罚金，其财产不足以全部支付的，或者被判处没收财产的，应当先承担对被害人的民事赔偿责任。

If criminal who is liable for civil compensation is sentenced to a fine at the same time but his property is not sufficient to pay both the compensation and the fine, or if he is sentenced to confiscation of property at the same time, he shall, first of all, bear his liability for civil compensation to the victim.

　第三十七条 对于犯罪情节轻微不需要判处刑罚的，可以免予刑事处罚，但是可以根据案件的不同情况，予以训诫或者责令具结悔过、赔礼道歉、赔偿损失，或者由主管部门予以行政处罚或者行政处分。

Article 37 If the circumstances of a person's crime are minor and do not require criminal punishment, he may be exempted from it; however, he may, depending on the different circumstances of the case, be reprimanded or ordered to make a statement of repentance, offer an apology or pay compensation for the losses, or be subjected to administrative penalty or administrative sanctions by the competent department.

　第三十八条 管制的期限，为三个月以上二年以下。

Article 38 The term of public surveillance shall be not less than three months but not more than two years.

　　被判处管制的犯罪分子，由公安机关执行。

Where a criminal is sentenced to public surveillance, the sentence shall be executed by a public security organ.

　第三十九条 被判处管制的犯罪分子，在执行期间，应当遵守下列规定：

Article 39 Any criminal who is sentenced to public surveillance shall observe the following during the term in which his sentence is being executed:

　　（一）遵守法律、行政法规，服从监督；

(1) observe laws and administrative rules and regulations, and submit to supervision;

　　（二）未经执行机关批准，不得行使言论、出版、集会、结社、游行、示威自由的权利；

(2) exercise no right of freedom of speech, of the press, of assembly, of association, of procession or of demonstration without the approval of the organ executing the public surveillance;

　　（三）按照执行机关规定报告自己的活动情况；

(3) report on his own activities as required by the organ executing the public surveillance;

　　（四）遵守执行机关关于会客的规定；

(4) observe the regulations for receiving visitors stipulated by the organ executing the public surveillance; and

　　（五）离开所居住的市、县或者迁居，应当报经执行机关批准。

(5) report to obtain approval from the organ executing the public surveillance for any departure from the city or county he lives in or for any change in residence.

　　对于被判处管制的犯罪分子，在劳动中应当同工同酬。

Criminals sentenced to public surveillance shall, while engaged in labour, receive equal pay for equal work.

　第四十条 被判处管制的犯罪分子，管制期满，执行机关应即向本人和其所在单位或者居住地的群众宣布解除管制。

Article 40 Upon the expiration of a term of public surveillance, the executing organ shall immediately announce the termination of public surveillance to the criminal sentenced to public surveillance and to his work unit or the people of the place where he resides.

　第四十一条 管制的刑期，从判决执行之日起计算；判决执行以前先行羁押的，羁押一日折抵刑期二日。

Article 41 A term of public surveillance shall be counted from the date the judgment begins to be executed; if the criminal is held in custody before the execution of the judgment, one day in custody shall be considered two days of the term sentenced.

　第四十二条 拘役的期限，为一个月以上六个月以下。

Article 42 A term of criminal detention shall be not less than one month but not more than 6 months.

　第四十三条 被判处拘役的犯罪分子，由公安机关就近执行。

Article 43 Where a criminal is sentenced to criminal detention, the sentence shall be executed by the public security organ in the vicinity.

　　在执行期间，被判处拘役的犯罪分子每月可以回家一天至两天；参加劳动的，可以酌量发给报酬。

During the period of execution, a criminal sentenced to criminal detention may go home for one to two days each month; an appropriate remuneration may be given to those who participate in labor.

　第四十四条 拘役的刑期，从判决执行之日起计算；判决执行以前先行羁押的，羁押一日折抵刑期一日。

Article 44 A term of criminal detention shall be counted from the date the judgment begins to be executed; if the criminal is held in custody before the execution of the judgment, one day in custody shall be considered one day of the term sentenced.

第四节 有期徒刑、无期徒刑

SECTION 4 FIXED-TERM IMPRISONMENT AND LIFE IMPRISONMENT

　第四十五条 有期徒刑的期限，除本法第五十条、第六十九条规定外，为六个月以上十五年以下。

Article 45 A term of fixed-term imprisonment shall be not less than six months but not more than 15 years, except as stipulated in Articles 50 and 69 of this Law.

　第四十六条 被判处有期徒刑、无期徒刑的犯罪分子，在监狱或者其他执行场所执行；凡有劳动能力的，都应当参加劳动，接受教育和改造。

Article 46 Any criminal who is sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment shall serve his sentence in prison or another place for the execution. Anyone who is able to work shall do so to accept education and reform through labor.

　第四十七条 有期徒刑的刑期，从判决执行之日起计算；判决执行以前先行羁押的，羁押一日折抵刑期一日。

Article 47 A term of fixed-term imprisonment shall be counted from the date the judgment begins to be executed; if the criminal is held in custody before the execution of the judgment, one day in custody shall be considered one day of the term sentenced.

　第四十八条 死刑只适用于罪行极其严重的犯罪分子。对于应当判处死刑的犯罪分子，如果不是必须立即执行的，可以判处死刑同时宣告缓期二年执行。

Article 48 The death penalty shall only be applied to criminals who have committed extremely serious crimes. If the immediate execution of a criminal punishable by death is not deemed necessary, a two-year suspension of execution may be pronounced simultaneously with the imposition of the death sentence.

　　死刑除依法由最高人民法院判决的以外，都应当报请最高人民法院核准。死刑缓期执行的，可以由高级人民法院判决或者核准。

All death sentences, except for those that according to law should be decided by the Supreme People's Court, shall be submitted to the Supreme People's Court for verification and approval. Death sentences with a suspension of execution may be decided or verified and approved by a Higher People's Court.

　第四十九条 犯罪的时候不满十八周岁的人和审判的时候怀孕的妇女，不适用死刑。

Article 49 The death penalty shall not be imposed on persons who have not reached the age of 18 at the time the crime is committed or on women who are pregnant at the time of trial.

　第五十条 判处死刑缓期执行的，在死刑缓期执行期间，如果没有故意犯罪，二年期满以后，减为无期徒刑；如果确有重大立功表现，二年期满以后，减为十五年以上二十年以下有期徒刑；如果故意犯罪，查证属实的，由最高人民法院核准，执行死刑。

Article 50 Anyone who is sentenced to death with a suspension of execution commits no intentional crime during the period of suspension, his punishment shall be commuted to life imprisonment upon the expiration of the two-year period; if he has truly performed major meritorious service, his punishment shall be commuted to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 15 years but not more than 20 years upon the expiration of the two-year period; if it is verified that he has committed an intentional crime, the death penalty shall be executed upon verification and approval of the Supreme People's Court.

　第五十一条 死刑缓期执行的期间，从判决确定之日起计算。死刑缓期执行减为有期徒刑的刑期，从死刑缓期执行期满之日起计算。

Article 51 The term of suspension of execution of a death penalty shall be counted from the date the judgment becomes final. The term of a fixed-term imprisonment that is commuted from a death penalty with suspension of execution shall be counted from the date the suspension of execution expires.

　第五十二条 判处罚金，应当根据犯罪情节决定罚金数额。

Article 52 The amount of any fine imposed shall be determined according to the circumstances of the crime.

　第五十三条 罚金在判决指定的期限内一次或者分期缴纳。期满不缴纳的，强制缴纳。对于不能全部缴纳罚金的，人民法院在任何时候发现被执行人有可以执行的财产，应当随时追缴。如果由于遭遇不能抗拒的灾祸缴纳确实有困难的，可以酌情减少或者免除。

Article 53 A fine may be paid in a lump sum or in installments within the time limit specified in the judgment. If a fine is not paid upon the expiration of that time limit, the payment shall be compelled.  If a person is not able to pay the fine in full, the People's Court shall demand the payment whenever it finds the person has property for execution of the fine. If a person has true difficulties in paying because of an irresistible disaster, the fine may be reduced or remitted according to the circumstances.

第七节 剥夺政治权利

SECTION 7 DEPRIVATION OF POLITICAL RIGHTS

　第五十四条 剥夺政治权利是剥夺下列权利：

Article 54 Deprivation of political rights refers to deprivation of the following rights:

　　（一）选举权和被选举权；

(1) the right to vote and to stand for election;

　　（二）言论、出版、集会、结社、游行、示威自由的权利；

(2) the rights of freedom of speech, of the press, of assembly, of association, of procession and of demonstration;

　　（三）担任国家机关职务的权利；

(3) the right to hold a position in a State organ; and

　　（四）担任国有公司、企业、事业单位和人民团体领导职务的权利。

(4) the right to hold a leading position in any State-owned company, enterprise, institution or people's organization.

　第五十五条 剥夺政治权利的期限，除本法第五十七条规定外，为一年以上五年以下。

Article 55 A term of deprivation of political rights shall be not less than one year but not more than five years, except as stipulated in Article 57 of this Law.

　　判处管制附加剥夺政治权利的，剥夺政治权利的期限与管制的期限相等，同时执行。

Anyone who is sentenced to public surveillance is deprived of political rights as a supplementary punishment, the term of deprivation of political rights shall be the same as the term of public surveillance, and the punishments shall be executed simultaneously.

　第五十六条 对于危害国家安全的犯罪分子应当附加剥夺政治权利；对于故意杀人、强奸、放火、爆炸、投毒、抢劫等严重破坏社会秩序的犯罪分子，可以附加剥夺政治权利。

Article 56 Anyone who commits the crime of endangering national security shall be sentenced to deprivation of political rights as a supplementary punishment; anyone who commits the crime of seriously undermining public order by intentional homicide, rape, arson, explosion, poisoning or robbery may be sentenced to deprivation of political rights as a supplementary punishment.

　　独立适用剥夺政治权利的，依照本法分则的规定。

Where deprivation of political rights is imposed exclusively, the Specific Provisions of this Law shall apply.

　第五十七条 对于被判处死刑、无期徒刑的犯罪分子，应当剥夺政治权利终身。

Article 57 Any criminal who is sentenced to death or to life imprisonment shall be deprived of his political rights for life.

　　在死刑缓期执行减为有期徒刑或者无期徒刑减为有期徒刑的时候，应当把附加剥夺政治权利的期限改为三年以上十年以下。

When a death penalty with a suspension of execution is commuted to a fixed-term imprisonment, or a life imprisonment is commuted to a fixed- term imprisonment, the term of the supplementary punishment of deprivation of political rights shall be changed to not less than three years but not more than 10 years.

　第五十八条 附加剥夺政治权利的刑期，从徒刑、拘役执行完毕之日或者从假释之日起计算；剥夺政治权利的效力当然施用于主刑执行期间。

Article 58 A term of deprivation of political rights as a supplementary punishment shall be counted from the date on which imprisonment or criminal detention ends or from the date on which parole begins.  Deprivation of political rights shall, as a matter of course, be in effect during the period in which the principal punishment is being executed.

　　被剥夺政治权利的犯罪分子，在执行期间，应当遵守法律、行政法规和国务院公安部门有关监督管理的规定，服从监督；不得行使本法第五十四条规定的各项权利。

Any criminal who is deprived of his political rights shall, during the period of execution, observe laws, administrative rules and regulations and other regulations governing supervision and control stipulated by the department of public security under the State Council and submit to supervision; he shall not exercise any of the rights listed in Article 54 of this Law.

第八节 没收财产

SECTION 8 CONFISCATION OF PROPERTY

第五十九条 没收财产是没收犯罪分子个人所有财产的一部或者全部。没收全部财产的，应当对犯罪分子个人及其扶养的家属保留必需的生活费用。

Article 59 Confiscation of property refers to the confiscation of part or all of the property personally owned by a criminal.  Where confiscation of all the property of a criminal is imposed, the amount necessary for the daily expenses of the criminal himself and the family members supported by him shall be taken out.

　　在判处没收财产的时候，不得没收属于犯罪分子家属所有或者应有的财产。

When a sentence of confiscation of property is imposed, property that the criminal's family members own or should own shall not be subject to confiscation.

　第六十条 没收财产以前犯罪分子所负的正当债务，需要以没收的财产偿还的，经债权人请求，应当偿还。

Article 60 Where it is necessary to use part of the confiscated property to repay the legitimate debts that the criminal incurred before his property is confiscated, the debts shall be repaid at the request of the creditors.

第四章 刑罚的具体运用

CHAPTER IV THE CONCRETE APPLICATION OF PUNISHMENTS