Section B
Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. [A] The long history of McDonald’s. [B] The rise of fast food.
[C] The early beginnings of McDonald’s. [D] Ray Kroc’s life.
27. [A] Used his name to close them down.
[B] Took them to court.
[C] Sold better hamburgers.
[D] Used the name McDonald’s to confuse customers and close the other down.
28. [A] Sometimes you need to be ruthless in business.
[B] McDonald’s didn’t have an easy beginning.
[C] In business a name is everything.
[D] McDonald’s has a very shrewd owner.
Passage Two
Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. [A] Wealthy parents. [B] The taste of the audience.
[C] Talent. [D] Luck.
30. [A] Because a good manager can protect him from his fans.
[B] Because a good manager can help him succeed.
[C] Because a good manager can help him to change the way he acts.
[D] Because a good manager can help him relax.
31. [A] In order to attract the attention of the public.
[B] In order to sell more records.
[C] In order to keep his property.
[D] In order to stay popular.
32. [A] Because there is always someone who wants to steal his property.
[B] Because he is always the focus of the special newspapers written for his fans.
[C] Because he is often attacked by his fans.
[D] Because he always has to donate some money to benefit the public.
Passage Three
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33. [A] Washington. [B] London. [C] Rome. [D] Madrid.
34. [A] In Britain. [B] In Spain.
[C] In the United States. [D] In Italy.
35. [A] Killer fogs led to London’s air clean up.
[B] Things will develop in the opposite direction when they become extreme.
[C] How to control the smog air.
[D] It is the turn for us to clear up the “Smog City”.
答案及解析：
Sometimes in business nice guys finish first, and sometimes they finish last. In 1949,Dick and Mac McDonald opened a drive in restaurant in San Bemardino, California. By 1954, it was so popular that a salesman named Ray Kroc made a deal to turn it into a national chain and pay the brothers a part of every dollar earned. That’s how McDonald’s got started. Six years later, Kroc offered to buy the brothers out for $1 million a piece. They said yes, but there was a misunderstanding: Kroc thought he was getting the original San Bemardino restaurant as part of the agreement; the McDonalds insisted it wasn’t part of the deal. Kroc was furious. He had counted on the cash flow the restaurant would bring. Kroc was so angry that he vowed to get back at the McDonald brothers. The moment the deal was completed, Kroc hopped on a plane to Los Angeles, bought a piece of property in San Bemardino one block away from the brothers original fast food drive in and ordered the construction of a brand new McDonald’s store. It had only one purpose: to put McDonald brothers drive in out of business. The brothers had already been forced to take down their “McDonald’s” sign, because Kroc’s company now owned their trade name. They renamed it “the Big K” but in every other way, it was the same as it always had been. The problem was, Kroc’s restaurant also looked like the Big K. But his had the name McDonald’s. Customers were a little confused, but figured that the original restaurant had been moved; they took their business to the new McDonald’s. Sales at the Big K plummeted, and in 1968, the McDonald brothers finally gave up. In 1970, Kroc had his final revenge: the birthplace of the fast food industry closed for good.
26. What is the speaker mainly talking about?
【解析】26选[C]。本文提到，1949年McDonald两兄弟开了一家快餐店，后来Kroc与他们合作将其建成了连锁形式，后来Kroc买下了连锁店，但却没能得到McDonald赖以起家的那个店面。最后，Kroc设法得到了McDonald’s的商标， 而McDonald两兄弟拥有的那家店却不得不于1970年关闭。由此可知，能恰当概括短文内容的选项是[C]“早期的麦当劳”。
27. How did Kroc solve his problems with the McDonald brothers?
【解析】27选[D]。Kroc与McDonald两兄弟之间的纠纷在于Kroc认为他买下的连锁店包括全部的店面，但McDonald两兄弟却坚称不包括最初的那家店。之后，Kroc在最初的麦当劳店边建起了一个全新的麦当劳，利用麦当劳商标迷惑顾客，最终抢走了McDonald两兄弟的生意并使其被迫停业，选项[D]与此相符。
28. What can be inferred about the speaker’s theme of the talk?
【解析】28选[C]。本文主要讲述了一个商标所有权变更的故事。Kroc获得了McDonald’s的商标，并最终打败了McDonald两兄弟。可见，“在商界，商标就是一切”，选项[C]正确。
The entertainment profession, or “show business”, attracts many young people. Unfortunately, only very few can hope to become famous and prosperous. Talent is not enough, because show business is as competitive as any other business. Without a good manager, a performer can never hope to succeed. Fashion is important in this business, too. A performer must change his “act” in order to follow the taste of the moment. This is true for actors, dancers and comedians, but perhaps most of all for singers.
“Pop” stands for “popular”, and a pop singer has to work very hard to become popular. He must either give the public what they already want, or he must find a new way of singing that will attract their attention. Even when he has succeeded, and his records are sold everywhere, he cannot relax. Then he must work harder than ever to stay popular, because there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity.
The life of a successful pop singer is not at all easy. He can only relax when he is alone, because everything he does is watched and reported in the special newspaper written for the “fans”. The fans are the most important people in the world for a singer. They buy his records, they go to his concerts, and they make him rich and famous. But they can be very annoying, too. Sometimes their enthusiasm gets so hysterical that they do anything to get a “souvenir”. They steal handkerchiefs, they tear off buttons, and they even cut off pieces of the unfortunate singer’s hair. Many singers have been forced to hide. A pop singer has to spend a lot of money on clothes, because he must always look smart, or, at any rate, different. He must have a luxurious car. And — most important — he must always keep smiling for the benefit of his public.
29. What is an important factor for becoming a famous singer?
【解析】29选[C]。文中的Talent is not enough...Without a good manager, a performer can never hope to succeed. Fashion is important in this business, too表明，想要成为著名歌星，talent, a good manager, fashion三个因素都十分必要，选项[C]是其中之一，为正确选项。
30. Why is a good manager so important to a pop singer?
【解析】30选[B]。根据文中的Without a good manager, a performer can never hope to succeed可知，好的经纪人之所以对流行歌手很重要是因为经纪人可以帮他获得成功，选项[B]为答案。
31. Why must a pop singer work very hard when he has become famous?
【解析】31选[D]。文中提到，即使歌手取得了成功，唱片广泛发行，他也不能放松，而是要更加努力以保持受欢迎度。选项[D]是对文中的to stay popular的同义转述，为答案。
32. Why is the life of a successful pop singer not easy?
【解析】32选[B]。文中提到成功歌手的生活并不容易，并随后给出了原因：because everything he does is watched and reported in the special newspaper written for the “fans”，选项[B]与此相符，为正确选项。
Twenty years ago London could have claimed the title “Smog City, Europe”. Three fourths of its smoke is gone now and the remarkable change was caused by a series of killer fogs in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
The worst of these settled over London on December 5th, 1952. For four continuous days the city’s normal daily death rate of over 50, in all, some 4,000 extra deaths that winter were blamed on the incident. More such fogs came in the winters that followed. Each gave people a big alarm.
In 1956 Parliament passed the Clean Air Act, declaring that factories and homes in critical areas of the city must switch from soft high sulphur coal to less smoky fuels: hard coal, gas, electricity, or oil. Inevitably there were economic problems and complaints, both to householders and to industries. But, with each passing year, London’s air grew clearer.
London has proved that the veil of smog can be cast off, but its success story stands almost alone. In sunny Spain, Madrid has joined the ranks of fog cities. In Italy, acid from smog cuts into centuries old sculpture. And each rain here in Washington washes more acid onto our marble buildings and monuments.
The massive struggle to clean our air began so recently that victory seems far off. But we have taken an important step and we realize we must do something. In the frequency quoted words of Pogo, “We have met the enemy, and he is us.”
33. Which city’s buildings are not suffering from smog now?
【解析】33选[B]。根据短文内容可知，目前Madrid, Italy, Washington的烟雾污染都很严重，只有伦敦成功地驱散了城市上空的烟雾(London has proved that veil of smog can be cast off, but its success story stands almost alone)，即只有London的建筑物不受烟雾的侵害，[B]项正确。
34. Where was the article probably published?
【解析】34选[C]。文中的And each rain here in Washington...表明了说话人所在的地点： Washington。Washington是美国的首府，所以本文很可能是在美国发表的，[C]为答案。
35. Which of the following can best describe the main idea of the article?
【解析】35选[D]。由上题可知，作者身在华盛顿，表现出了对城市污染状况的忧虑。由此推断，作者之所以提到伦敦这个成功控制烟雾的榜样，应是想呼吁美国人也开始朝这方面努力。选项[D]与此推断相符，为答案。
