1875年，德国基尔有一位名叫马克斯•普朗克的年轻人犹豫不决，不知道这辈子究竟是该从事数学还是该从事物理学。人们由衷地劝他不要选择物理学，因为物理学的重大问题都已得到解决。他们斩钉截铁地告诉他，下个世纪将是个巩固和提高的世纪，不是个革命的世纪。普朗克不听，他钻研理论物理学，潜心投入了热力学的核心问题--熵的研究工作~~~

❤《万物简史》推出部落节目版，戳这里订阅:http://bulo.hujiang.com/menu/6004/

书本的朗读语音很charming的磁性英音~~~大家可以好好学着模仿哦~~~！！
因为原著为美国人所写,单词采用美式拼法,不抄全文，也不用写序号。答完一空换行继续下一空作答。文中需听写单词或词组用[-No-]表示，句子用[---No---]表示。请边听写边理解文意，根据下面的TIPS训练听写。这样可以提高听力准确度，并为训练听译打下基础哦~~~

TIPS听写训练点：单词拼写，时态，单复数，连读，长难句（请边听边用符号先记下内容，然后自己回头组织语句，最后校对，不要逐字逐句听写）



Hints:
entropy
thermodynamics
ace

In 1875, when a young German in Kiel named Max Planck was deciding whether to devote his life to mathematics or to physics, he was urged most [-1-] not to choose physics because the [-2-] had all been made there. The coming century, he was assured, would be one of consolidation and refinement, not revolution. Planck didn't listen. [---3---]

Specifically it is a measure of randomness or disorder in a system. Darrell Ebbing, in the textbook General Chemistry, very usefully suggests thinking of a deck of cards. [---4---] Shuffle the cards and you put them in a disordered state. [---5---] Of course, if you wish to have any observations published in a [-6-] journal you will need also to understand additional concepts such as thermal nonuniformities, lattice distances, and stoichiometric relationships, but that's the general idea.

In 1891 he produced his results and learned to his [-7-] that the important work on entropy had in fact been done already, in this instance by a [-8-] scholar at Yale University named J. Willard Gibbs.



heartily breakthroughs He studied theoretical physics and threw himself body and soul into work on entropy, a process at the heart of thermodynamics, which seemed to hold much promise for an ambitious young man. A new pack fresh out of the box, arranged by suit and in sequence from ace to king, can be said to be in its ordered state. Entropy is a way of measuring just how disordered that state is and of determining the likelihood of particular outcomes from further shuffles. respectable dismay retiring
1875年，德国基尔有一位名叫马克斯•普朗克的年轻人犹豫不决，不知道这辈子究竟是该从事数学还是该从事物理学。人们由衷地劝他不要选择物理学，因为物理学的重大问题都已得到解决。他们斩钉截铁地告诉他，下个世纪将是个巩固和提高的世纪，不是个革命的世纪。普朗克不听，他钻研理论物理学，潜心投入了热力学的核心问题--熵的研究工作。 具体来说，它是物质系统随意或无序状态的一种度量。达雷尔•埃宾在《普通化学》这本教材里用了一副扑克牌的有用比喻来加以说明。一副刚从盒子里取出来的新扑克牌是按照花色从A到K的顺序来排列的。它可以说是处于有序状态。把牌一洗扑克牌处于无序状态。熵就是量度无序程度和确定再次洗牌以后可能产生的特定结果的一种方法。若要完全了解熵，你还必须懂许多概念，不如不均匀性、晶格距离、理想配比关系等，但那是一般概念。 　　在一个雄心勃勃的年轻人看来，研究这个问题似乎很有前途。1891年，他做出了成果，却吃惊地发现，关于熵的这项重要工作实际上已经有人做过。他是耶鲁大学一位离群索居的学者，名叫J.威拉德•吉布斯。