1. Aquatics
1.水上运动

2. Archery
2.箭术

3. Badminton
3.羽毛球

4. Baseball
4.棒球

5. Boxing
5.拳击

6. Canoe
6.独木舟

7. Equestrian
7.马术

8. Fencing
8.剑术

9. Gymnastics
9.体操

10. Handball
10.手球

11. Hockey
11.曲棍球

12. Judo
12.柔道

13. Modern pentathlon
13.现代五项全能

14. Rowing
14.赛艇

15. Shooting
15.射击

16. Taekwondo
16.跆拳道

17. Triathlon
17.三项全能运动

18. Volleyball
18.排球

19. Weightlifting
19.举重

20. Wrestling
20.摔跤

The summer Olympics consists of 28 sports with 38 disciplines. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) establishes a hierarchy of sports, disciplines, and events.
夏季奥林匹克运动会包括28个大项，38个小项。国际奥组委（IOC）设置了这些运动的等级、科目以及项目。

For example swimming and water polo are disciplines of the sport Aquatics. In their turn, disciplines can be subdivided into events, for which medals are actually awarded.
比如游泳和水球都是水上运动的分项。而他们分别又可以再分为各个小项，奖牌其实是授予小项运动赢家的。