三、作文小技巧
作文的技巧比较多,也是提高相对比较快的一个部分,也是要重点介绍的部分。

1. 写作的四大原则

a) 长短句原则

写作讲究一张一弛,老让读者读长句,会很累人。写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题:
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.
强烈建议:在文章第一段用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。

b) 主题句原则

国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!建议各同学一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会引起阅卷老师的好感!
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.

c) 一、二、三原则

领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 所以看起来条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。下面任何一组的词汇都可以用到作文中,最好多记录几个,可以变化着使用。
1)first, second, third, last
2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally
3)the first, the second, the third, the last
4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(推荐)
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(推荐)
7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(推荐)
8)most important of all, moreover, finally
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)
10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)

d) 多变句式原则

1)加法(串联)
很多同学都希望写下很长的句子,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加and,但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说:
I enjoy music and he is fond of playing guitar.
如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式:
Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.
其它的短语可以用:
besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover

2)转折(拐弯抹角)
批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们写作的时候,只要在要点之前先写一些铺垫,注意二者之间用个转折次就够了。
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.
The coat was thin, but it was warm.
更多的短语:
despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding

3)因果(so)
写作的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。如:
The snow began to fall, so we went home.
更多短语:
then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that

4)排比(排山倒海句)
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势!如:
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏)

2.文章主体段落三大杀手锏:

a)举实例
思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,在觉得没什么好说的情况下,最好的办法就是举例子。
In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible simulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colors, cartoon films and human performance. For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food.
更多句型:
To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, for example

b)做比较
方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的;通过比较,会发现二者的相同点(through comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语:
相似的比较:
in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner
相反的比较:
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, …

c)换言之
如果写到一半感觉没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。
比如下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you!
I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you.
I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love with you.
或者上面我们举过的例子:
I cannot bear it.
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it.
因此可以这样说:I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it.

最后想要提醒各位同学的是,以上技巧只适合在实在做不出题目或者辅助解题时用,万万不可依赖于这些技巧,英语的学习是能力慢慢积累的过程,需要平时的刻苦练习。希望同学在考完试以后也不要放弃对英语的学习,考试并不是我们学习英语的最终目的,把英语这个交流工具熟练正确地使用才是我们学习的目标。

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