2、形容词性从句=定语从句
引导词 （1）that/which/who(whom)（代词性）
（2）whose/when/where(非代词性)
结构 （1）that/which/who(whom)=S+VO=a.
This is pig that/which is very fat.

（1）that/which/who(whom)=O+SV=a.
因为代词性的引导词可以充当主语或宾语
This is the pig that/which I ate.(作宾语可省略引)
This is the pig from which I make fun.
引导词前的介词取决于后面的动词
This is the pig,which is very fast
This is the pig, (which)I ate.
This is the pig, from which I make fun.

（2）whose/when/where(非代词性)+SVO=a.
The book, whose cover is red, is quite interesting.
This is the place where(=in which 定语从句) I grew up. When 用在后面也可能是状从,也有可能是定从。

**具体分析举例
In his hypothesis that he developed based on it……
看上去该句的based 是一个n-ed的形式，但是她又是修饰谁呢？In his hypothesis() he developed that based on it….
因此可以看出，based 修饰that，而在此句中，that指代 hypothesis.

**形容词性从句的省略
当that/which在定语从句中充当宾语时，可将其省略。
This is the pig that/which I ate.
This is the pig I ate.
当that/which在定语从句中充当主语时，且从句的谓语动词为be动词时，可将其同时省略。
The house, which was built in 1919,was destroyed.
The house, built in 1919,was destroyed.

**个别情况下，which/as在引导定语从句时，也指代前面整个一句话。
As the plates drifted, they may have diverged, which(指代前面一句话) was associated with the spread of the seafloor, or they may have converged, which（指代前面一句话） resulted in collision, subduction, and mountain building.

**系表倒装
主系表结构 变成 表系主 结构成为系表倒装只限于介词词组在句首时
1、My hometown lies in Jilin province.
In Jilin province lies my hometown.
2、A,B,C….are among the species of seabirds.
Among the species of seabird are A,B,C….

3、副词性从句 =状语从句
引导词 when/though/while/although……
结构 when+s’+v’+adj/v-ing/v-ed,SVO.
When he was young, Jack was always beaten by his father.
省略的条件 s’=S v’=be
省略 When young, Jack was always beaten by his father.
省略 Other(联系同一类的名词，也就是说前面提到了chemical defenses) possible chemical defenses, while (they are 省略) not directly toxic to the parasite, may inhibit some essential step in the establishment of a parasitic relationship. For example, glycolproteins in plant cell walls may inactivate enzymes the degrade cell walls.

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