主语从句

阅读中：

Whether an individual survives from one year to the next will largely be a matter of chance.

写作中的运用：

Where we can dispose of the increasing rubbish is a great headache to many governments. 在哪儿处置日益增多的垃圾对很多政府而言是件头痛的事。

宾语从句

阅读中：

But the origins of what is now generally known as modern architecture can be traced back to social and technological changes of the 18th and 19th centuries.

写作中的运用：

It is the major contributor to why large numbers of young females commit crimes recently.这就是为什么近年来许多年轻妇女犯罪的主要原因。

阅读中：

Indeed when the champion tennis player Ivan Lendl was asked what the single thing was that he would choose in order to improve his game, he said he would like to become a left-hander.

写作中的运用：

It is hard to imagine what effects garbage will exert on our lives.很难想象垃圾将对我们的生活造成什么影响。

表语从句

阅读中：

The assumption is that the investigation of deviance can reveal interesting and significant aspects of ‘normal’ societies.

写作中的运用：

The reason why many students go to study abroad is that they can have opportunities to appreciate foreign culture and master a foreign language.许多年轻的学生去国外学习是因为他们有机会品味外国文化和掌握一门外语。

定语从句

阅读中：

The American zoologist Donald Griffin, who was largely responsible for the discovery of sonar in bats, coined the term ‘echolocation’ to cover both sonar and radar, whether used by animals or by human instruments.

写作中的运用：

Those students who hold a foreign degree seem to be more confident and independent.拥有外国学位的学生似乎更加自信、独立。

动名词

阅读中：

Preserving historic buildings or keeping only their facades (or fronts) grew common.

写作中的运用：

Gazing at the flickering screen is a boring and tiring experience.盯着闪烁的屏幕是一件索然无味和累人的经历。