SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLS (50 minutes)

Directions: In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions based on its content.You are to choose ONE best answer, A., B., C. or  D., to each question.Answer all the questions  following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

Questions 1～6 //tr.hjenglish.com
       Most people picture sharks as huge, powerful, frightening predators, ready at any moment to use their  sharp  teeth to attack unwary swimmers without provocation. There are numerous fallacies, however, in this conception of sharks. First, there are about 350 species of shark, and not all of them are large. They range in size from the dwarf shark, which can be only 6 inches (0.5 feet) long and can be held in the palm of the hand, to the whale shark, which can be more than 55 feet long.

       A second  fallacy concerns the number and type of teeth, which can vary tremendously among the different species of shark.A shark can have from one to seven sets of teeth at same time, and some types of shark can have several hundred teeth in each jaw. It is true that the fierce and predatory species do possess extremely sharp and brutal teeth used to rip their prey apart; many other types of shark, however, have teeth more adapted to grabbing and holding than to cutting and slashing.

       Finally, not all sharks are predatory animals ready  to strike out at humans on the least whim. In fact, only 12 of the 350 species of shark have been known to attack humans, and shark needs to be provoked  in order to attack. The types of  shard that  have the worst  record  with humans are the tiger shark, the bull shark, and the great white shark. However, for most species of shark, even some of the largest types, there are no known instances of attacks on humans.

1.The author's main purpose in the passage is to.
    A. categorize the different kinds of sharks throughout the world
    B. warn humans of the dangers posed by sharks
    C. describe the characteristics of shark teeth
    D. clear up misconceptions about sharks
2. The longest shark is probably the.
    A. whale shark                                     B. great white shark
    C. bull shark                                         D. tiger shark
3. Which of the following is NOT true about a shark's teeth?
    A. All sharks have teeth.
    B. A shark can have six rows of teeth.
    C. A shark can have hundreds of teeth.
    D. All sharks have extremely sharp teeth.
4. A“jaw” (paragraph 3) is
    A. a part of the shark's tail                           B. a part of the stomach
    C. a backbone                                            D. a bone in the mouth
5. The passage indicates that a shark attacks a person.
    A. for no reason                                        B. every time it sees one           
    C. only if it is bothered                              D. only at night
6. It can be inferred from the passage that a person should probably be the least afraid of.
    A. a dwarf shark                                        B. a tiger shark
    C. a bull shark                                          D. a great white shark

Questions 7～11//tr.hjenglish.com 
       Quite different from storm surges are the giant sea waves called tsunamis, which derive their name from the Japanese expression for“high water  in  a  harbor”. These waves are  also referred to by the general public as tidal waves, although they have relatively little to do with tides. Scientists often refer to them as seismic sea waves, far more appropriate in that they do result from undersea seismic activity.

       Tsunamis are caused when the sea bottom suddenly moves,during an underwater earthquake or volcano for example, and the water above the moving earth is suddenly displaced. This sudden shift of water sets off a series of waves. These waves can travel great distances at speeds close to 700  kilometers per hour.In the open ocean, tsunamis have little  noticeable amplitude, often no more than one or two meters. It is when they hit the shallow waters near the coast that they increase in height, possibly up to 40 meters.

       Tsunamis often occur in the Pacific because the pacific is an area of heavy seismic activity. Two areas of  the Pacific well accustomed  to the threat of  tsunamis are Japan and  Hawaii. Because the seismic activity that causes tsunamis in Japan often occurs on the ocean bottom quite close to the islands, the tsunamis that  hit Japan often come with  little warning  and can therefore prove disastrous.Most of  the tsunamis that hit  the  Hawaiian  Islands, however, originate  thousands of miles away near the coast of  Alaska,  so these tsunamis  have a much greater distance to travel and the inbabitants of hawaii generally have time for warning of their imminent arrival.

      Tsunamis are certainly not limited to Japan and Hawaii. In 1755, Europe  experienced a calamitous tsunami,when movement along the fault lines near the Azores caused a massive tsunami to sweep onto the Portuguese coast and flood the heavily populated area around Lisbon. The greatest tsunami on record on the other side of the world in 1883 when the krakatoa volcano underwent a massive explosion,sending waves more than 30 meters high onto nearby Indonesian islands; the tsunami from this volcano actually traveled around the world and was witnessed as far away as the English Channel.

7. The paragraph preceding this passage most probably discusses.
    A. tidal waves                                          B. tides //tr.hjenglish.com
    C. storm surges                                        D. underwater earthquakes
8. According to the passage, all of the following are true about tidal waves EXCEPT that.
    A. they are the same as tsunamis
    B. they are caused by sudden changes in high and low tides
    C. this terminology is not used by the scientific community 
    D. they refer to the same phenomenon as seismic sea waves
9. It can be inferred from the passage that tsunamis.
    A. cause severe damage in the middle of the ocean
    B. generally reach heights greater than 40 meters
    C. are far more dangerous on the coast than in the open ocean
    D. are often identified by ships on the ocean
10. A. main difference between tsunamis in Japan and in Hawaii is that tsunamis in Japan are more likely to.
     A. arrive without warning                           B. come from greater distances
     C. be less of a problem                              D. originate in Alaska
11. The passage suggests that the tsunami resulting from the Krakatoa volcano.
     A. caused volcanic explosions in the English Channel
     B. was far more destructive close to the source than far away
     C. was unobserved outside of the Indonesian islands
     D. resulted in little damage.

Questions 12～16 //tr.hjenglish.com

FIRE Instructions

 THE PERSON DLSCOVERINGA FIRE WILL:
 1. OPERATE THE NEAREST FIRE ALARM. (This will cause the Alarm Bells to ring, and also  send  a  signal  to  the  telephone  switchboard  operator  who  will  immediately  call  the  Fire  Brigade).

 2. ATTACK THE FIRE WTTH AVAIL ABLE EQUIPMENT,IF IT IS SAFE TO DO SO.  FIRE ALARM BELLS
 The  Fire Alarm Bells will  ring  either  in  the  area  of A Block  (workshops  and Administration  Offices) or the area of B Blook (Teaching) and C Block (Sports Hall).Those in the area where the  Alarm Bells are ringing should take action as indicated below. Others should continue with their  work.

 ON HEARINGYOUR FIRE ALARM:
1. Those in class: will go to the Assembly Area under instructions given by the teacher. 2.  Those elsewhere: will  go to the Assembly Area by the most  sensible route, and  stay near  the  Head of their Department.

 ASSEMBLY AREA //tr.hjenglish.com
The Assembly Area is the playing field which is south of the Sports Hall. Here names will  be checked.

 PROCEDURE 
 1. Move quietly.
 2. Do NOT stop to collect your personal belongings.  
 3. Do NOT attempt to pass others on your way to the Assembly Area.
 4. Do NOT use the lift

 FIRE ALARMS //tr.hjenglish.com
 Fire Alarms are situated as follows:
  1.Administrative Block
 At the Reception desk; at east end of connecting corridor, outside the kitchen door, back of  the stage in the Main Hall.
 2. Teaching Blocks
 At the bottom of  both stairways and on each landing.
 3. Workshops
 Outside Machine Shop No. 1' Engineering Machine Shop No. 2.
 4. Sports Hall
 Inside entrance lobby.

12. This passage consists of advice on fire safety primarily for.
     A. people using a new kind of equipment
     B. workers in an engineering factory
     C. university teachers
     D. students at college
13.When a person discovers a fire, what is the first thing he should do?
     A. Attempt to put it out himself.
     B. Telephone the switchboard operator.
     C. Start the alarm bells ringing.
     D. Contact the fire brigade.
14. People in the block where the fire bell has rung must gather for a check of names.
    A. in another block                                 B. in the administration office
    C. in one of the playing fields                  D. in the sports hall
15. Imagine you are in the administration office, when a fire breaks out in the sports hall. What should you do, according to the fire instructions?
    A. Look for the fire-fighting equipment.
    B. Go quickly to the assembly area.
    C. Go to the reception desk.
    D. Carry on with the work you are doing.
16.According to the instructions, what is a teacher supposed to do first in case of a fire?
    A. To check the names of your students from a list.
    B. To lead your students out of the building.
    C. To get detailed instructions from your Head of Department.
    D. To patrol the stairways and landings.

Questions 17～21//tr.hjenglish.com                                                                            
     “It's not what you know but who you know that counts.” People who get on in life may be successful not because they deserve it, but because of influential friends or the right background. We say “Ah yes, he must have gone to the right school”. or“She must come from a good family.” We may suspect that some people in positions of authority are there because they belong to the right group or party. To get something done—a signature on a  decision—it helps to know someone“on the inside”. At least, this is the widespread belief.

      It is a  comforting  belief  too.If  your boss strikes you as  incompetent, it is tempting to believe that he only got the job because his father pulled some strings. If someone else gets the job which you should have had, well, the“old boy network” must be operating. And yet, if we can get what we want by“having a word” with so-and-so, or by getting so-and-so to put  in a good word for us, which of us would not take advantage of the opportunity?

      Often it is quite harmless. For instance, when Miguel went with Julia to visit Michelle in hospital, he bumped into someone he knew, a doctor who had been at medical school with his father. As a result of this chance meeting, Miguel was able to find out a great deal about Michelle's condition. Julia was not only  grateful to him for making use of his connection, but delighted that she was able to learn so much by this means which she of his connection, but delighted that she was able to learn so much by this means which she might never have found out otherwise.

      At the other extreme it can be very destructive. I once met a brilliant young engineer who worked in a chemical plant. Because of her knowledge and experience, she should have been promoted to Production Manager. Instead, the job went to a man who was totally unsuited for the post. Everyone knew that he only got it because he was politically acceptable to his superiors. This injustice demoralized the young engineer and many of her colleagues. It also meant that the factory was much less efficient than it could have been.

      All the same, we should not be pessimistic. More and more, the modem world depends on having people who are in the job because they are good enough, not just because heir face fits. There is a story of a factory owner who sent for an engineer to see to a machine which would not go. He examined it, then took out a hammer and  tapped  it,once.The  machine started  up immediately. When he presented his bill, the owner protested,“This can't be fight! 100 pounds just for tapping a machine with a hammer?” The engineer wrote out a new bill:“For tapping a machine, 1 pound; for knowing where to tap it, 99 pounds.”

      Maybe it is what you know that really counts, after all. //tr.hjenglish.com

 17. It is believed that people have succeeded in life because_________.
     A. they are influential                                 B. they feel superior to others
     C. they are from rich families                     D. they have some special advantage
 18.Which of the following is the best definition of the expression“old boy network” (para. 2)?
     A. People who were at school together help each other to get goodjobs.
     B. Older people help younger people, especially if they are the children of friends.
     C. People of the same family background help each other to get ton in life.       
     D. The best jobs often go to people who have the right political connections.
19. Miguel took advantage of the fact that he knew the doctor in order to get more information about Michelle's condition. According to the writer, Miguel's action is.
    A. an example of how badly everybody behaves in using such opportunities
    B. an example of how some people have an unfair advantage over others
    C. an example of the way we can use such opportunities without hurting anyone else
    D. a good example of how to get something done by knowing someone“on the inside”.
20. The engineer at the chemical plant was not promoted because.
    A. it is very difficult for a woman to get a promotion to a managerial position
    B. her bosses did not think she had the right qualifications for the job
    C. the man who got the promotion was more experienced than she was
    D. her bosses did not approve of her political opinions
21. The engineer who repaired the machine was right to charge 100 pounds because
    A. he was the only person who could find out what was wring with it
    B. he was charging for his knowledge and expertise
    C. the factory owner could not have repaired it himself
    D. he hit the machine to get it stared again

Questions 22～26 //tr.hjenglish.com
      In the immediate post-war years,the city of  Birmingham scheduled some 50,00  small working class cottages as slums due for demolition. Today that process is nearly complete. Yet  it  is clear that, quite apart from any question of  race, an  environmental  problem  remains. The expectation built into the planning policies of 1945 was that  in the  foreseeable future the city would be a better place to live in. But now that slum clearance has run its course, there seems to be universal agreement that the total environment where the slums once stood is more depressing than ever.

      For the past ten years the slum clearance areas have looked like bomb sites. The buildings and places which survive do so on islands in a sea of rubble and ash. When the slums were there they supported an organic community life and each building, each activity, fitted in as part of the whole. But now that they have been destroyed, nothing meaningful appears to remain, or rather those activities which do go on do not seem to have any meaningful relation to the place. They happen there because it is an empty stage which no-one is using any more.

      Typical of the inner-city in this sense is the Birmingham City Football Ground. Standing in un-splendid isolation on what is now wasteland on the edge of Small Heath, it brings into the area a stage army on twenty of so Saturdays a year who come and cheer and then go away again with  little concern  any  more for the  place  where  they have done their  cheering.  Even  they, however, have revolted recently. “The ground” says the leader  of the revolt, “is a  slum”, thus putting his finger on the fact that the demolition of houses creates rather than solves problems of the inner city.           

      A new element has now come upon the scene in the inner-city in the form of the over block. Somehow it doesn't seem to be what Le Corbusier  and the planners who wrote those post war Pelicans  intended.  The public spaces either haven't yet been developed or are more meanly conceived, and the corridors and lifts are places of  horror. In fact these places  were  always suspect. They had no legitimacy in the minds of the public as suburban family housing had, and those who were placed there felt that they had been cheated. Along with the decaying elements, therefore, that which had been conceived as part of the brave new world was part of the problem.

22. The past few decades in Birmingham have proved that slum clearance___________.
    A. takes longer time than expected
    B. creates as many problems as it solves
    C. often raises racial issues
    D. has achieved its aims
23. According to the passage, now that the slum dwellings have gone_________,
    A. no one does anythings at all in those areas
    B. urban theatrical life has gone, too
    C. rebuilding can start almost immediately
    D. the area is extremely unattractive
24. According to the author, a number of Birmingham City football fans_________.
    A. express their dissatisfaction about the slum clearance
    B. are as rebellious as any other club's supporters
    C. get necessary release from watching their team play
    D. are concerned about the future of that part of Birmingham
25. What did people think about tower bocks when thy were first built?
    A. Town planners thought they were badly conceived.
    B. The public compared them with rural housing.
    C. The man in the street didn't like them at all.
    D. People thought them an improvement on suburban housing.
26. This passage is most probably taken from__________.
    A. an official local planning report
    B. a novel set in Birmingham
    C. a history of the Industrial Revolution
    D. a sociology textbook

Questions 27～30 //tr.hjenglish.com
                                     MILESTONES IN ENGLISH
       The inspectors suggest that the pupils should have achieved the following at each stage of their school career:

By the age of 7
Listening:    Carry out simple, heard instructions;understand  simple oral  information; keep listening  attentively  for  reasonably  lengthy  periods;  follow  and  remember  an uncomplicated story; respond to poetic rhythm. Speaking: Speak clearly and audibly; narrate events; explain what they are doing; discuss with other children; express feelings to adults' ask relevant questions; describe what they have seen; converse confidently.
Reading:      Understand  lables,  notices,  and  written instructions;  read  simple  stories,  rhymes, information passage;know the alphabet,consult dictionaries;enjoy  books; use books as information sources.
Writing:       Be able to write legibly; write personal experience in prose and poetry; link writing to pictures,  graphs,  and  plans;  record  investigations;  write  simple  stories  and  informal  letters, descriptions, directions.

By the age of 11 //tr.hjenglish.com
      All  pupils  should be able to embark on secondary schooling“without hindrance or handicap” in linguistic ability.
Listening:     Hear fairly complex instructions, and carry them out; follow story plots or broadcast plays; respond to poetry.
Speaking:    Speak  with  expression  and  sensitivity  to  listener's response;  show  some  ability  to match  vocabulary,  syntax  and  style  to  various  situations;  converse;  converse  confidently  and pleasantly; frame pertinent questions.
Reading:      Have formed the habit of voluntary and sustained reading for pleasure and information; know how to find books in library.
Writing:       Discribe   personal   feeling, thoughts,   and   experiences;   produce   vivid  imaginative writing,  accurate  recording,  persuasive  writing,  formal  letters;  have  control  over  syntax,  and good handwriting.
About  Language:  Rules of spelling:  vowels and  consonants, pronouns, verbs,  adjectives, adverbs, statements, questions, commands, exclamations, subject and object and tenses; should all be used and understood.

By the age of 16 //tr.hjenglish.com
Listening:     Understand instructions of length and complexity; demonstrate ability to concentrate on  oral  discussion,  taking  notes;  creticize  attempts  to  persuade  listener,  so  as  to  recognize specious arguments and loaded language.”
Reading:      Read  full  range  of  literature,  whole  long  books;  read  newspapers  and  advertising critically, distinguish bias, criticize television  and reporting; show  ability to judge quality  and value.
Writing:       Explore and conclude issues; use stylistic effects; use direct and reported speech; write job application letters and curricula vitae. About language: Know all the main part of speech, including prepositions and communications; use  formal and  informal  styles; show knowledge of metaphor, simile, and cliche; demonstrate proper use of figurative language. 
                                                                              
27. Which of these would a 7-year-old be expected to do?
    A. Read for long periods for enjoyment.
    B. Understand the rules of grammar.
    C. Use certain reference books.
    D. Write and persuade someone else to do something.
28. According to the document, which of these should an 11-yeaar-old have developed?
    A. The skill of recording his or her own speech.
    B. The ability to read literature.
    C. A feeling for tone and appropriateness in speech.
    D. A proper use of figurative language.
29. The document says that he 16-year-old listener should be able to__________.
    A. concentrate on everything he or she listens to
    B. see through false reasoning
    C. answer cliches with cliches
    D. write down accurately everything he or she hears
30. By 16, a student should have mastered all the following skills except__________.
    A. reading extensively in classical literature
    B. using appropriately figures of speech
    C. presenting lectures to an audience
    D. influencing a reader with his or her written English