SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLS (50 minutes)

Directions: In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions based on its content.You are to choose ONE best answer, (A) , (B), (C) or (D), to each question.Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

Questions 1~5 //tr.hjenglish.com
      The origin of the word “picnic” is unknown, though it was a borrowing from the French, and  it seems  first, in 1748,  to have signified   a fashionable  social  entertainment  to which everyone present contributed a share, like a glorified bottle–party. 

      The simplest, most sensible, kind of picnic I know is where half a dozen walkers sit down in an attractive spot to eat and drink whatever they've been carrying stuffed in their pockets or down the front of their sweaters. At the end, they are heavier inside and lighter outside, with nothing left over to hump along, except perhaps some empty bottles.You need no implements, apart  from a knife and an opener.It is a primitive,but convenient,arrangement which can happen anywhere,at any time,on the route from one place to another. Everybody usually turns out to be overstocked with some item which can then be bartered around until a balanced diet is achieved.//tr.hjenglish.com 

      It seems to be only when the picnic has to be staged in one particular spot, as the center – piece of a day's outing, that it starts to become an elaborate endurance test. I have rarely met a child who did not enjoy the idea – and almost never a  father who did not detest  it. The worst place for apicnic is the beach. Sand is a great infiltrator and saboteur. It furs the children's hands like gloves of  grit,coats any  ropped titbit with its peppery dressing,silts up the bottom of teacups and turns the dental plates of oldsters into instruments of torture.You cannot stand up or sit down, reach over or cross your legs, without sending up a volcanic cloud of its tiny, glittering, rock – sharp  fragment. The only advantage that can be claimed for sand as a picnic surface is that it is good to spill things on.One of the joys of  family tea at our local seaside, inside the deck –chair corral formed by dozing aunts and uncles, was pouring the last of your lemonade on to the bleached–white dust and watching how the bubbles foamed like glass beads over the dark –brown, molten–snake patterns.

      In those days, we always had sandwiches, partly, I suspect, because the bread filled you up cheaply.But also partly because its soft,spongy,damp wrapping protected the fillings  and stopped them dropping or popping from the incredibly clumsy hands of the young. Bread is now out – dated and unmodish  as a picnic staple.Working  as well as middle classes now  tend to replace it with fruits and vegetables, cooked meats and packaged carbohydrates, cheese and hard – boiled eggs. The number of  things that have to be carried by the parental pack – horses have proportionately increased.

      Picnic by motor – car means that, as you set out, you have the illusion that there is no limit to your freightage capacity. Why not take the folding – table, the barbecue oven, the insulated ice pack, the  deck  chairs, and a  few  enormous, place your  friends recommend is  inaccessible on wheels. //tr.hjenglish.com

1. In the 2nd paragraph, the writer recommends a kind of simple and sensible picnic for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that                    .
   (A) you can choose an attractive spot
   (B) there is not much to carry back afterwards
   (C) you need the simplest of eating utensils
   (D) empty bottles are needed for collecting leftovers
2. The writer considers the only advantage of the beach as a picnic place to be that                     .
   (A) deck – chairs are available                      (B) there is plenty of room
   (C) food and drink can be spilled                    (D) children enjoy it
3.  From the fourth paragraph we can deduce that, during the authors childhood, his family                    .
   (A) did not carry all the picnic equipment themselves
   (B) had their own private beach
   (C) was not particularly well – off
   (D) enjoyed long walks along the beach.
4. Bread is not very often taken on picnics today because                .
   (A) it is an unfashionable food for picnickers to eat
   (B) picnickers do not like to be thought poor
   (C) it is lacking in proper vitamins
   (D) it is possible to carry more food in a car
5. The author suggests that if you travel by car you                .
   (A) want to take more than you can comfortably carry
   (B) have to choose from many desirable pieces of luggage
   (C) are unlikely to carry all that you need in the boot
   (D) set off with the feeling that you are carrying enough

Questions 6~10
Extract 1
     We, the undersigned, write with reference to the Hightown Local Plan, Consultative Draft, March 1985, published by the Hightown district Council.

     While we understand the need for a Relief Road to ease the problems of increasing traffic in the area as a whole, we would like to express our concern at the proposed route. As shown in the Consultative Draft, the Relief Road will cross Fernwood Road, Golfcourse Way and High Lane, effectively cutting in half a prime residential area. //tr.hjenglish.com

     As residents of this particular area,we feel obliged to protest at the proposal on the following grounds:
      * There will be a substantial increase in traffic in the area not only with the through – traffic, but also from traffic joining the Relief Road at thejunction planned close to Fernwood Road. 
      * At present, the area in question is a quiet residential area. With the Relief Road and the volume of traffic envisaged, there is no doubt that … //tr.hjenglish.com

Extract 2
      It is foreseen that the Relief Road will be a dual, two – lane carriageway and that there will be junctions at  Fernwood Road and at the south end of  High Lane. It is felt that such a road is required to allow for the growth of traffic envisaged over the next twenty years and that  this route will be essential for through – traffic joining the Hightown Bypass.Thus the Relief Road and  the  Hightown Bypass together will provide substantial  relief  to the traffic problems experienced in recent years in the cente  of  Fernwood  following the construction  of  the new Container Port at Highport in 1980.

      It is intended that construction of the Relief Road be begun in 1989. This, however, will be subject to approval by regional and central government. The Planning Committee feel that the road is vital to a proper development of the area as a whole and that therefore delays should be avoided. Thus arrangements will be made, through public meetings, for direct representations to be made to the Coucil regarding the proposals.

Extract 3
     Both John and I hope that you are all settling down OK. You must write and tell us what the new house is like.

     By the way, your move was probably a good thing for you. We've just heard about the new Local Plan for Hightown and have been busy drumming up support to fight a proposal to bring a Relief Road right through here. In fact, as far as we can see, it would have run right along the back of your  garden in Golfcourse Way. I can just  imagine what Mike would have had to say about the prospect of massive lorries trundling past his back garden night and day! Fortunately, as far as the plans are concerned, we're not directly affected – I mean, the road won't go past our house – but it will cut through two or three roads here, which will mean that we'd obviously get a lot more traffic through this …//tr.hjenglish.com

6. Which is the most likely end to the final sentence in Extract 1  …there is no doubt that … ?”
   (A) shopkeepers will flourish.                (B) the district will be adversely affected
   (C) other roads will be needed.             (D) it will become attractive to new residents.
7. Extract 2 is probably from              .
   (A) an official planning document             (B) an application by a firm of contractors
   (C) a popular newspaper article              (D) a letter to a casual acquaintance
8. The language of Extract 2might best be described as                   .
   (A) aggressive and hard – hitting            (B) impersonal and matter – of – factly
   (C) tentative and vague                            (D) friendly and persuasive
9. It is possible that the writers of Extract 1 and Extract 3                 .
   (A) havejust moved into new houses             (B) have also written Extract 2
   (C) work with the planning committee           (D) share a common view
10.Which of the following can be the main reason for the recent traffic problems at Fernwood?
    (A) The construction of the new Container Port.
    (B) The construction of the Relief Road.
    (C) The construction of the Hightown Bypass.
    (D) The construction of the new Residential Area. //tr.hjenglish.com

Questions 11~15 
     First the hamburger connection; now the songbird connection. The first link goes like this. Citizens of the United States are hungry  for beef, especially in the form of fast  foods such as hamburgers, frankfurters and the like. Yet beef has been one of the most inflationary items in the consumer's weekly shopping basket.

      So the US government has authorized imports of so  –  called cheap beef from central America—beef raised on pasturelands established almost entirely at the cost of tropical forests. By trying to trim a nickel off the price of a hamburger, the US has contributed, albeit unwittingly but effectively and increasingly, to the massive loss of forests from southern Mexico to Panama.

      Now the second link.A vast  throng of North American songbirds spend their winters in Central  America and the Caribbean－about  two thirds of all woodland and forest species, totaling around half of all land birds breeding in North America.

      But the migrants have been running into trouble, according to Dr Eugene S. Morton and his colleagues at the  Smithsonian Institution in Washington DC. When  several billion birds leave North America each autumn, they find, on arriving in their wintering grounds of central America and the Caribbean, that their forest habitats have been succumbing to the machete and the match.

      As a result,fewer birds are heading back each spring north of the border.Smithsonian scientists notice that species numbers are declining at rates between one and four per cent a year.The prospect is that there will be major reductions in  throngs of  forest  – dwelling  migrants. According to Professor John Terborghof Princeton University, “We are, in effect, about to play observers in a massive experiment in which there will be dramatic alterations in the relative population sizes of numerous common species.” //tr.hjenglish.com

      Ironically, it is precisely at the time of the songbirds' return that a number of insect species are likewise putting in a reappearance in North America. They tend to be at key phases of their life cycles, as larvae, etc which  leave them unusually vulnerable to insect – eating birds. The Smithsonian scientists speculate that the insect populations have thus far been held below levels at which they prove harmful to agricultural crops, through the predation  pressures of  huge numbers of  songbirds returning over the horizon at just about  the right time. If, however, the songbirds continue to decline, the insects could, within the  foreseeable future, start to enjoy a population explosion every spring－which could mean bad news for US farmers.

11.According to the article, the US government has                            .
     (A) arranged for forest land in Central America to be cleared
     (B)  seen a massive fall in the consumption of hamburgers
     (C) bought up grazing land for cattle in Central America
     (D) made it possible for Americans to buy meat at reduced prices
12. The article suggests that                     .
     (A) about 50% of winter birds around the Caribbean are from North America
     (B) half the forests in Central America have been destroyed in the past three decades
     (C)  a  third  of  all  North   American woodland birds migrate  to Central  America or the Caribbean
     (D) very little forest land in the United States is inhabited by birds
13. The expression “succumbing to the machete and the match”(Paragraph. 5) is a metaphor for .
      (A) being returned to a balanced ecology                     (B) losing their fight against time
      (C) being cut down and burnt                                      (D) being ploughed into the ground
14.Why are the numbers of birds returning north declining annually?
      (A) There are fewer forests in the US for them to return to.
      (B) A huge experiment is being conducted on bird populations.
      (C)  Tropical forests can support greater numbers now.
      (D) Their southern habitat is being drastically reduced.
  15. The bad news for farmers in spring might be an increase in                           .
        (A) the number of songbirds                              (B) the number of insects
        (C) the size of larvae                                         (D) the price of beef

Questions 16~20 
      Anyone who  thinks exploration always involves long journeys should  have his head examined. Or better he should put on  his oldest clothes and  go off in search of a junk  shop. There are three kinds－one full of discarded books, one full of discarded Government equipment, and one full of discarded anything. A junk shop may have four walls and a roof or it may be no more than a trestletable in an open air market; but there is one infallible test: no genuine junk shopkeeper will ever pester you to make up your mind and buy something. And you are no true junk shopper if you march purposefully round the shop as if you knew exactly what you wanted. You must browse, gently chewing the cud of your idle thoughts, and nibbling here and there at a sight or a touch of the goods that lie about you. Yet you must also possess a penetrating glance, darting your eyes about you to spot the treasures that may lurk beneath the rubbish. This is what makes junk shopping such a satisfying voyage of exploration. You never know what interesting and unexpected thing you may discover next. For in a true junk shop, not even the proprietor is always quite sure what his dusty stock conceals. There is always the chance that you may pick up a first edition, a pair of exotic ear- rings, a piece of early Wedgwood china, or a cine camera  －and possess it for the price of fifty cigarettes.

      But this kind of treasure hunt is only a sideline to the true junk shopper. The real attraction lies in finding something that catches your own especial fancy, though everybody else may pass it by.

        When you begin junk shopping  half the attraction is that you go with absolutely no intention of buying anything. You spend your first couple of Saturday afternoons, ambling round among dusty shelves, savouring a page or a chapter as you please,or fingering the piles of oddments that litter counters or tables. At first, be warned, don't try to buy.You may, indeed you should, ask the price of this and that; but just to give you an idea of what the junk shopkeeper thinks you might be willing to pay him.

      Later,you will find yourself  returning a second  and  third  time to something  which  has caught your fancy. And when you can hold back no longer, bargaining begins in earnest. This is the other great attraction of the true junk shop. Not only may it hold every conceivable product from every imaginable country;it also transports  you to the  mediaeval  market  place or  the oriental bazaar, where no price is fixed until buyer and seller have waged a friendly war together, and proved each other's mettle. And this is where your old clothes become important: let no one take you for a rich connoisseur, or you will find yourself paying a rich man's prices. And avoid at all costs the suspicion of an American accent, or in spite of the good nature of all good junk shopkeepers, you will be for it. //tr.hjenglish.com

16.We understand from the passage that a genuinejunk shop is a place                      .
    (A) full of worthless things                           (B) where no one bothers you
    (C) which sells only rubbish                         (D) where few wants to buy
17. The sentence “you must browse, gently chewing the cud of your idle thoughts  …” (para. 1) implies that thejunk hunter is                .
    (A) eating sweets as he wanders around
    (B) not thinking of anything
    (C) pondering over this and that
    (D) thinking of many things at the same time
18.  The author suggests that the main attraction for bargaining  is that the junk buyer could                                 .
   (A) agree on a lower price                             (B) negotiate a substantial discount
   (C) enjoy an exotic experience                       (D) ask a fantastic price
19. The expression “proved each other s mettle” (para. 4) means                   .
   (A) reached an agreement                                (B) argued amicably
   (C) tested one another                                     (D) showed their trust
20. From the passage we understand that speaking with an American accent will                 .
   (A) arouse suspicion in thejunk shopkeeper
   (B)  increase the price of the goods
   (C) engender friendliness in the shopkeeper
   (D) decrease the chance of being cheated

Questions 21~25 
     On 27 January  1950 I was due at the Albert hall, London, where Sir Adrian Boult was to conduct a programme including the Elgar and the Mendelssohn Violin Concert. Diana and I left New York  on the evening  of the twenty- fifth, with ample time, as we presumed, to keep  our appointment. With  everyone  secure  in  his  safety  belt,  the  plane  shot  down  the  runway,  then halted with  a  tremendous  screeching  of brakes just  short  of takeoff. This  was twice repeated before the shaken passengers were unloaded and told to return to the airport in the morning.

     Next day we set off for England again. To begin with, so thick was New York traffic that we almost missed the  plane, which might have saved everyone a great deal of  trouble. Disaster avoided, we took off at eleven- thirty, and shortly afterwards the pilot made his rounds. Wanting to reassure Diana, I  stopped him and  suggested that  the untoward incidents of the day before hadn't been too serious.In that wonderful calm bluff  English way,he answered,“Airplane engines, you see, are made up of  thousands of  individual parts, and it is quite impossible to tell when any one of them may cease to function”; with which Job's comfort he passed on. A short while later one of those many parts did indeed cease to function: oil began blowing over  the wings, and back we went to Idlewild Airport, as it then was. At the third try, later that afternoon, we succeeded in crossing the Atlantic, making one stop to refuel in Newfoundland and another at Shannon in the Irish Republic, for one flew from landfall to landfall in those days.

      Here the English weather blocked further progress; fog had closed London Airport. It was about 6:30 a. m. local time when we arrived at  Shannon, too early to despair  of reaching our destination. We telephoned my agent, Harold holt, and I borrowed an airport office to practise in. However, as the hours passed and the London fog failed to lift, I grew anxious enough to try to charter from Aer Lingus a plane small enough to land in conditions which our big Stratocruiser could not  cope with. For  some reason Aer Lingus was not allowed to rescue us, so after more endless hours, we took off in the transatlantic plane, first  at three  forty- five－when the radio was found to be out of order and we had to turn back, then, finally, at four- fifteen. All hopes of rehearsing had long been abandoned, but the concert itself still seemed safe. The fog had yet a couple of  tricks up its sleeve,however. After circling over Heathrow a few times in a vain attempt to find a break in the blanket below him, the pilot landed at Manston on the east coast. Diana and I were delivered to the earth through the luggage shaft  in the plane's belly, hustled through customs at a trot and thrust into a waiting car, which roared off the airfield with most gratifying drama. One mile farther on, the gentle fog of the countryside rolled toward us in thick, soft, totally opaque clouds,and we crawled the rest of  the way at hardly more than walking speed, Diana shivering in the unheated car. //tr.hjenglish.com

21. After the plant s first attempts to take off, the author and his wife were asked to come back on                             .
   (A) 25th January                         (B) 26th January
   (C) 27th January                         (D) 28th January
22. The pilot s remarks, shortly after taking off from New York,                                  .
   (A) proved quite inaccurate
   (B) led to their returning to Idlewild
   (C) referred to their previous disastrous flight
   (D) were not helpful to ease Diana's distress
23. When they arrived in Ireland at 6:30, the author and his wife                      .
   (A) were still hoping to reach London in time to rehearse
   (B) chartered a small plane which could land in fog
   (C) were late for their connection flight
   (D) were feeling absolutely desperate
24. What happened when they finally landed at Manston?
   (A) They were held up going through Customs.
   (B) The fog immediately came down thicker.
   (C) They were given special treatment.
   (D) Their car crawled because of an engine fault.
25. It be concluded from the passage that the author was                       .
   (A) a rich man taking his wife to see a special concert.
   (B) a conductor who had to be in London to give a concert
   (C) a violinist going to play in a concert in London. 
   (D) an American musical agent who had an appointment with Sir Adrian Boult

Questions 26~30
A    Chiropodist
      If you can tolerate smelly feet, the public belief that you are only a corn cutter and, to quote one chiropodist,“the blue－rinsed matrons who believe that they can get away with putting size eight feet into size five winklepickers”, this is one of the more attractive para- medical careers. There is a nationwide shortage of qualified people: a high professional retirement rate in the near future, growing public consciousness of footcare, and the national craze for jogging are likely to increase opportunities over the next decade.Chiropodists  treat feet, prescribe the necessary appliances and sometimes make them,though anything but the most minor surgery must be performed by a doctor.

B    Occupational therapist
      “I can't sew, knit, draw or make cuddly toys,” said one occupational therapist desperately. The profession still suffers from its historical associations with basket work in bleak rooms in who arehandicapped or recovering from serious mental or physical illness (including alcoholism or drug dependence) to adapt to normal life. As well as devising courses to exercise body and mind, occupational therapists teach people how to live in wheelchairs or to work with one arm. They are more concerned with operating washing machines,cookers  and lathes than with knitting needles.

C    Veterinary surgeon
      Veterinary science is one of the most competitive subj ects for university entry－a few years ago, there were five applicants for  each of the 335 annual places. But the work to get there is nothing to what's involved in the five or six- year  course itself. Many students are shocked by the sheer volume of  facts. Remember that, while doctors specialize in particular  branches of  human medicine, vets must cover  all aspects of a huge variety of living organisms. That is the attraction,as well as the difficulty of  the job. “I can be diagnostician,  physician,  surgeon, radiographer and all, following the case through from start to finish.” Said one vet.

D    Dietitian
      Dietetics is a rising profession, which has become more authoritative, vocal and self- confident over the past decade. Not so long ago, doctors tended to regard dietitians as  fussy busy- bodies who should be kept out of  harm's way in the hospital kitchens. Nowadays, they are treated with  increasing  deference, particularly since high-  fibre diets started reducing hospital bills for constipation drugs. The public still assumes that their main job is advising people how to lose weight. But this is only a very small part of their work.

26. Which of the professions seems to be many jobs in one? //tr.hjenglish.com
   (A) A              (B) B            (C) C           (D) D
27. Which profession would be chosen by a student desperate not to be unemployed?
   (A) A              (B) B            (C) C           (D) D
28. Which profession would appear to be most difficult to break into?
   (A) A              (B) B            (C) C           (D) D
29. Which profession is enjoying a status and esteem not known before?
   (A) A            (B) B           (C)  C         (D) D
30. Three of the four  extracts suggest that the public underrates the profession. Which one (of the four) doesn t suggest that?
    (A) The Chiropodist extract.                   (B) The Occupational therapies extract.
    (C) The Veterinary surgeon extract.        (D) the Dietitian extract.