【读书笔记】《沉思录》卷四：任何行为都不要无目的的做出02
本书简介：
《沉思录》是古罗马皇帝奥勒留写给自己的书，内容大部分是他在鞍马劳顿中写成的。作品来自奥勒留对身羁宫廷的自己和自己所处混乱世界的感受，追求一种冷静而达观的生活。这部著作是斯多葛学派的一个里程碑，亦是温总理放在枕边，读了不下百遍的书。
本书原文由古希腊文而作，英文版选择比较权威的George Long的版本，中文版选择何怀宏的版本作参考。笔记中的英文释义摘自《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》
作者简介：
马可•奥勒留（Marcus Aurelius，公元121—180年），著名的“帝王哲学家”，古罗马帝国皇帝，在希腊文学和拉丁文学、修辞、哲学、法律、绘画方面受过很好的教育，晚期斯多葛学派代表人物之一。奥勒留也许是西方历史上唯一的一位哲学家皇帝。他是一个比他的帝国更加完美的人，他的勤奋工作最终并没有能够挽救古罗马，但是他的《沉思录》却成为西方历史上的伟大名著。
卷四：任何行为都不要无目的的做出02
小编语：第四卷，继续我们的沉思之旅~
4.3 Constantly then give to thyself this retreat, and renew thyself; and let thy principles be brief and fundamental, which, as soon as thou shalt recur to them, will be sufficient to cleanse the soul completely, and to send thee back free from all discontent with the things to which thou returnest. For with what art thou discontented? With the badness of men? Recall to thy mind this conclusion, that rational animals exist for one another, and that to endure is a part of justice, and that men do wrong involuntarily; and consider how many already, after mutual enmity, suspicion, hatred, and fighting, have been stretched dead, reduced to ashes; and be quiet at last.
Notes：
discontent [n] ~ (at/over/with something) a feeling of being unhappy because you are not satisfied with a particular situation; something that makes you have this feeling.
4.4 But perhaps thou art dissatisfied with that which is assigned to thee out of the universe.- Recall to thy recollection this alternative; either there is providence or atoms, fortuitous concurrence of things; or remember the arguments by which it has been proved that the world is a kind of political community, and be quiet at last.- But perhaps corporeal things will still fasten upon thee.- Consider then further that the mind mingles not with the breath, whether moving gently or violently, when it has once drawn itself apart and discovered its own power, and think also of all that thou hast heard and assented to about pain and pleasure, and be quiet at last.- But perhaps the desire of the thing called fame will torment thee.- See how soon everything is forgotten, and look at the chaos of infinite time on each side of the present, and the emptiness of applause, and the changeableness and want of judgement in those who pretend to give praise, and the narrowness of the space within which it is circumscribed, and be quiet at last. For the whole earth is a point, and how small a nook in it is this thy dwelling, and how few are there in it, and what kind of people are they who will praise thee.
Notes：
atom [n] the smallest part of a chemical element that can take part in a chemical reaction.
fortuitous [adj] happening by chance, especially a lucky chance that brings a good result.
corporeal [adj]1. that can be touched; physical rather than spiritual;
2. of or for the body.
circumscribe [v] ~ sth
1. to limit somebody/something's freedom, rights, power, etc.
2. to draw a circle around another shape.
看了笔记注释之后，先尝试自己翻译一下吧，参考译文见下：
中文翻译：
4.3 那么你不断地使自己做这种隐退吧，更新你自己吧，让你的原则简单而又基本，这样，一旦你要诉诸它们，它们就足以完全地净化心灵，使你排除所有的不满而重返家园。因为，你是对什么不满呢？是对人们的邪恶不满吗？那就让你的心灵回忆起这一结论吧：理性的动物是互相依存的，忍受亦是正义的一部分，人们是不自觉地行恶的；考虑一下有多少人在相互敌视、怀疑、仇恨、战斗之后已经死去而化为灰烬；那就会终于使你安静下来。－但也许你是不满于从宇宙中分配给你的东西－那么转而回忆一下这一思想：想想要末是神存在，要末是原子，即事物的偶然配合存在；或者想想这些论据，它们证明了这个世界是一个政治社会，那最终会使你安静。
4.4 但也许有形的事物还是要抓住你－那么进一步考虑一下：当心灵一旦使自己与身体分开，发现了它自己的力量，它就不论是在平缓还是激烈地活动中，都不会使自己与呼吸相混；也再想想你在痛苦和快乐方面所有你听到的和同意的；你将最终使你安静。－但也许对于所谓名声的愿望将要折磨你－那么看一看一切事物是多么快地被忘却，看一看过去和未来的无限时间的混沌；看一看赞美的空洞，看一看那些装作给出赞扬的人们判断的多变和贫乏，以及赞扬所被限定的范围的狭隘，那么最终使你自己安静吧。因为整个地球是一个点，你居住的地方又是地球上一个多么小的角落啊，在它上面存在的东西是多么的少啊，而要赞扬你的人又是什么样的人呢？