Section Three: Reading Comprehension

1. The passage answers which of the following questions?
(A) How is the rain forest different from other habitats?
(B) How does an animal’s body size influence an animal’s need for food?
(C) Why does the rain forest provide an unusual variety of food for animals?
(D) Why do large animals tend to dominate the upper canopy of the rain forest?

2.Which of the following animals is less common in the upper canopy than in other environments?
(A) Monkeys
(B) Cats
(C) Porcupines
(D) Mice

3. The word “they” in line 4 refers to ________ .
(A) trees
(B) climbing mammals of moderately large size
(C) smaller species
(D) high tropical canopies

4. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true about the small mammals in the rain forest?
(A) They have body shapes that are adapted to life in the canopy.
(B) They prefer the temperature and climate of the canopy to that of other environments.
(C) They have difficulty with the changing  conditions in the canopy.
(D) They use the trees of the canopy for shelter from heat and cold.

5. In discussing animal size in paragraph 3, the author indicates that _________ .
(A) small animals require proportionately more food than larger animals do
(B) a large animal’s size is an advantage in obtaining food in the canopy
(C) small animals are often attacked by large animals in the rain forest
(D) small animals and large animals are equally adept at obtaining food in the canopy

6. The word “typify” in line 19 is closest in meaning to _________ .
(A) resemble
(B) protect
(C) characterize
(D) divide

7. According to paragraph 4, what makes jumping from one tree crown to another difficult for small mammals?
(A) Air friction against the body surface
(B) The thickness of the branches
(C) The dense leaves of the tree crown
(D) The inability to use the front feet as hands

8. The word ‘supplement” in line 24 is closest in meaning to __________ .
(A) control
(B) replace
(C) look for
(D) add to

9. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage?
(A) canopy(line 1)
(B) warm blooded(line 5)
(c) terminal leaves(line13)
(D) springboard(line 21)

10. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The role of literature in early American histories
(B) The place of American women in written histories
(C) The keen sense of history shown by American women
(D)The “great women” approach to history used by American historians

11. The word “contemporary” in line 5 means that the history was ________ .
(A) informative
(B) written at that time
(C) thoughtful
(D) faultfinding

12. In the first paragraph, Bradstreet, Warren, and Adams are mentioned to show that _________ .
(A) a woman’s status was changed by marriage
(B) even the contributions of outstanding women were ignored
(C) only three women were able to get their writing published
(D) poetry produced by women was more readily accepted than other writing by women

13. The word “celebratory” in line 12 means that the writings referred to were __________ .
(A) related to parties
(B) religious
(C) serious
(D) full of praise

14. The word “they” in line 12 refers to ________ .
(A) efforts
(B) authors
(C) counterparts
(D) sources

15. In the second paragraph, what weakness in nineteenth-century histories does the author point out?
(A) They put too much emphasis on daily activities
(B) They left out discussion of the influence of money on politics.
(C) The sources of the information they were based on were not necessarily accurate.
(D) They were printed on poor-quality paper.

16. On the basis of information in the third paragraph, which of the following would most likely have been collected by nineteenth-century feminist organizations?
(A) Newspaper accounts of presidential election results
(B) Biographies of John Adams
(C) Letters from a mother to a daughter advising her how to handle a family problem
(D) Books about famous graduates of the country’s first college

17. What use was made of the nineteenth-century women’s history materials in the Schlesinger Library and the Sophia Smith Collection?
(A) They were combined and published in a multivolume encyclopedia
(B) They formed the basis of college courses in the nineteenth century.
(C) They provided valuable information for twentieth—century historical researchers.
(D) They were shared among women’s colleges throughout the United States.

18. In the last paragraph, the author mentions all of the following as possible roles of nineteenth-century “great women” EXCEPT _________ .
(A) authors
(B) reformers
(C) activists for women’s rights
(D) politicians

19. The word “representative” in line 29 is closest in meaning to __________ .
(A) typical
(B) satisfied
(C) supportive
(D) distinctive

21. What does paragraph 1 mainly discuss?
(A) Design elements in the Art Nouveau style
(B) The popularity of the Art Nouveau style
(C) Production techniques for art glass
(D) Color combinations typical of the Art Nouveau style

22. The word “one” in line 4 refers to
(A) century
(B) development
(C) style
(D) coloration

23. Paragraph 1 mentions that Art Nouveau glass was sometimes similar to which aspect of ancient buried glass？
(A) The distortion of the glass
(B) The appearance of the glass surface
(C) The shapes of the glass objects
(D) The size of the glass objects


24. The word “prized” in line 14 is closest in meaning to _________ .
(A) valued
(B) universal
(C) uncommon
(D) preserved

25. The word “overtaken” in line 19 is closest in meaning to _________ .
(A) surpassed
(B) inclined
(C) expressed
(D) applied

26. What does the author mean by stating that“function should determine form” (line 22)?
(A) A useful object should not be attractive.
(B) The purpose of an object should influence its form.
(C) The design of an object is considered more significant than its function.
(D) The form of an object should not include decorative elements.

27. It can be inferred from the passage that one reason Functionalism became popular was that it _________ .
(A) clearly distinguished between art and design
(B) appealed to people who liked complex painted designs
(C) reflected a common desire to break from the past
(D) was easily interpreted by the general public
  
28. Paragraph 3 supports which of the following statements about Functionalism?
(A) Its design concept avoided geometric shapes.
(B) It started on a small scale and then spread gradually.
(C) It was a major force in the decorative arts before the First World War.
(D) It was not attractive to architects all designers.

29. According to the passage, an object made in the Art Nouveau style would most likely include _________ .
(A) a flowered design
(B) bright colors
(C) modern symbols
(D) a textured surface

30.What is the main topic of the passage?
(A) The classification of different types of surge glaciers
(B) The causes and consequences of surge glaciers
(C) The definition of a surge glacier
(D) The history of a particular surge glacier

31.The word “intervals” in line 2 is closest in meaning to ________ .
(A) records
(B) speeds
(C) distances
(D) periods

32.The author compares the surging motion of a surge giacier to the movement of a _________ .
(A) fish
(B) wave
(C) machine
(D) boat

33.Which of the following does the author mention as a possible cause of surging glaciers?
(A) The decline in sea levels
(B) The occurrence of unusually large ocean waves
(C) The shifting Antractic ice shelves
(D) The pressure of meltwater underneath the glacier

34.The word “freeing” in line 7 is closest in meaning to ________ .
(A) pushing
(B) releasing
(C) strengthening
(D) draining

35. According to the passage, the Hubbard Glacier __________ .
(A) moves more often than the Valerie Glacier
(B) began movement toward the sea in 1895
(C) is 800 feet wide
(D) has moved as fast as 47 feet per day

36. Yakutat is the name of ________ .
(A) an Alaskan town
(B) the last ice age
(C) a surge glacier
(D) an Antarctic ice shelf

37.The word “plunge” in line 20 is closest in meaning to _________ .
(A) drop
(B) extend
(C) melt
(D) drift

38.The term “vicious cycle” in lines 21-22 refers to the _________ .
(A) movement pattern of surge glaciers
(B) effect surge glaciers could have on the temperature of tropical areas
(C) effect that repeated rising sea levels might have on glacial ice
(D) constant threat surge glaciers could pose to the Gulf of Alaska

39.The author provides a definition for which of the following terms?
(A) Tributary (line 14)
(B) Ice dam (line 15)
(C) Albedo (line 22)
(D) Interglacial (line 24)

40.Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?
(A) The movement of surge glaciers can be prevented.
(B) The next ice age could be caused by surge giaciers.
(C) Surge glaciers help to support Antarctic ice shelves.
(D) Normal glaciers have little effect on Earth’s climate.

41.What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The problems faced by leaders
(B) How leadership differs in small and large groups
(C) How social groups determine who will lead them
(D) The role of leaders in social groups

42. The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT _________ .
(A) recruitment
(B) formal election process
(C) specific leadership training
(D) traditional cultural patterns

43. In mentioning “natural leaders” in lines 8-9, the author is making the point that _________ .
(A) few people qualify as “natural leaders”
(B) there is no proof that “natural leaders” exist
(C) “natural leaders’ are easily accepted by the members of a social group
(D) “natural leaders” share a similar set of characterisitics

44.Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph 2?
(A) A person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group.
(B) Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.
(C) A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.
(D) Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.

45.The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on
(A) ensuring harmonious relationships
(B) sharing responsibility with group members
(C) identifying new leaders
(D) achieving a goal

46.The word “collective” in line 17 is closest in meaning to _______ .
(A) necessary
(B) typical
(C) group
(D) particular

47.The word “them” in line 19 refers to ________.
(A) expressive leaders
(B) goals of the group
(C) group members
(D) tension and conflict

48. A “secondary relationship” mentioned in line 22 between a leader and the members of a group could best be characterized as __________ .
(A) distant
(B) enthusiastic
(C) unreliable
(D) personal

49.The word “resolve” in line 27 is closest in meaning to __________ .
(A) avoid repeating
(B) talk about
(C) avoid thinking about
(D) find a solution for

50. Paragraphs 3 and 4 organize the discussion of leadership primarily in term of __________ .
(A) examples that illustrate a problem
(B) cause and effect analysis
(C) narration of events
(D) comparison and contrast

考好托福 去美国留学啦！