Hints:
Robert Weinberg
National Cancer Institute
Pasteur
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'I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we'll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,'says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. 'But,' he cautions, 'some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur, he discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was 50 or 60 years before cures were available.' This year, 50% of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75%. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90%. But other survival statistics are still discouraging – 13% for lung cancer, and 2% for cancer of the pancreas.
“我有极大的信心相信到这个十年期结束时我们将会详尽地知晓癌细胞的生成原因，”微生物学家罗伯特•温伯格，一位癌症专家如此说道。 “但是，”他又告诫说，“有些人认为一旦人们弄清了病因，治疗方法很快就会跟上。其实不然，想想法国细菌学家巴斯德，他发现了许多传染病的成因，但治疗方法却在五六十年后才问世。” 今年，91万癌症患者中有一半将至少再活5年。国家癌症研究所估计，到2000年存活率将升至75％。现在对于一些皮肤癌来说，5年期存活率高达90％。但其他类型癌症的存活数据却仍令人沮丧——肺癌13％，胰腺癌2％。