3.1 be动词的过去时

3.1.1 be动词过去时的构成
肯定句:主语 + be动词的过去式(was/were)...
否定句:主语 + be动词的过去式(was/were) + not...
疑问句:be动词的过去式(Was/Were) + 主语...?
疑问代词/疑问副词 + was/were + 主词...?

3.1.2 be动词过去时的肯定句
句型:主语 + was/were...
be动词过去时由“主语 + be动词的过去式(was/were) + 表语”构成:
I was here yesterday.昨天我在这里。
We were hungry.我们当时饿了。
The concert was last night.音乐会在昨晚举行。
The biggest problem was that we didn't have enough time.最大的问题是我们当时没有足够的时间。
There were some students on the campus.校园里有一些学生。
比较be动词的现在式和过去式:

【注意】 there is/are句型的一般过去时为there was/were。

3.1.3 be动词过去时的否定句
句型:主语 + was/were + not...
be动词过去时的否定句结构是在be动词过去式was/were后面加上not。否定式的was not,were not大多使用缩写形式wasn't(读作/′w znt/)和weren't(读作/w nt/):
I was not here yesterday.昨天我不在这里。
He wasn't busy the other day.前几天他不忙。
There weren't any students in the classroom.教室里一个学生也没有。

3.1.4 be动词过去时的一般疑问句
句型:Was/Were + 主语...?
回答方式:Yes,主语 + was/were...
No,主语 + wasn't/weren't...
be动词过去时的一般疑问句结构是将be动词过去式was/were置于主语之前(大写was/were的第一个字母),在句尾加问号;这种语序是主语和谓语倒装语序:
Were you here yesterday? —Yes,I was.你昨天在这里吗? ——是,我在。
Was there any water in the river then? —Yes,there was./No,there wasn't.那时那条河里有过水吗? ——是的,有过。/不,没有。
Were your parents pleased to hear about your new job? —Yes,they were./No,they weren't.你父母听说你有了新工作后,他们高兴吗? ——是。/不是。

3.1.5 be动词过去时的特殊疑问句
句型:疑问代词(主语)/疑问限定词的名词词组(主语) + was/were...?
疑问代词/疑问副词 + was/were + 主语...?
就主语提问时,将疑问代词或带有疑问限定词的名词词组置于be动词过去式was/were之前(was/were的第一个字母无需大写),和一般疑问句差不多,在句尾加问号;这种语序是陈述句语序。就表语提问时,则以一个疑问代词或疑问副词开头,之后是“be动词过去式was/were + 主语”,在句尾加问号;这种语序是主语和谓语倒装语序:
Who was here yesterday? —I was here yesterday.昨天谁在这里? ——昨天我在这里。(就主语提问)
How many people were present at the meeting? 参加会议的有多少人? (就主语提问)
How was your trip to London? 你伦敦之行过得怎样? (就表语提问)
What was the weather like yesterday? —Yesterday it rained all day.昨天天气怎样? —昨天下了一天雨。(疑问代词what就表语提问)
Where were you yesterday afternoon? —I was at home all after-noon.你昨天下午在哪儿? ——整个下午我都在家。(疑问副词where就表语提问)
be动词现在时和过去时句型的比较,以it为主语: