男人
On Men
梁实秋
Liang Shiqiu
| 译文摘自张培基《英译中国散文选二》
男人令人首先感到的印象是脏！当然，男人当中亦不乏刷洗干净洁身自好的，甚至还有油头粉面衣冠楚楚的，但大体讲来，男人消耗肥皂和水的数量要比较少些，某一男校，对于学生洗澡是强迫的，入浴签名，每周计核，对于不曾入浴的初步惩罚是宣布姓名，最后的断然处置是定期强迫入浴，并派员监视，然而日久玩生，签名 簿中尚不无浮冒情事。
What strikes us first of all in men is their uncleanliness . There are of course no lack of men who always make a point of keeping the themselves spick-and-span. And some of them even make up heavily and dress respectably. But, generally speaking, men consume a smaller quantity of soap and water than women. A certain boys' school make it compulsory for its students to take a bath regularly. Every student had to sign his name before taking a bath so that the school authorities could conduct a weekly checkup. Those who violated the regulation for the first time would have their names published. The drastic measure for those who repeat the offence was to force them to take a bath regularly under surveillance. Nevertheless abuses crept in with time. Forgery was often discovered among the signatures.
要点：
1，“男人令人首先感到的印象是脏”译为What strikes us first of all in men is their uncleanliness，其中to strike 的意思是“给…以印象”，也可译为The first impression thet men give us is their uncleaness.译者用“否定前缀+形容词+名词后缀”uncleanliness 表达“脏”，使得行文意思更为确切，更突出它与clean的对比~
2，“刷洗干净洁身自好的”即“很重视整洁”，译为make a point of keeping the themselves spick-and-span，Make a point of 即“重视，注意”， spick-and-span意为“崭新的，漂亮的，一尘不染的”
3，“油头粉面衣冠楚楚的”意即“讲究梳妆打扮穿着体面”故译为make up heavily and dress respectably
4，“对于学生洗澡是强迫的”中“…是强迫的”译为make it compulsory for sb to do sth，这种说法较force sb to do 语气更温和，更适合用于文学翻译中
5，“入浴签名，每周计核”这两句单独成句，有隐含的因果关系，可用so that 连接
6，“最后的断然处置是定期强迫入浴，并派员监视“译为The drastic measure for those who repeat the offence was to force them to take a bath regularly under surveillance.注意译者将动词短句”派员监视“译为介词短语under surveillance ，大大缩减了句子的长度，也体现了散文翻译的灵活性
7，“日久玩生“即日子长久了，种种弊病便相继发生，因此译为abuses crept in with time，creep in意即”悄悄产生“
综述：梁先生本篇文章语言诙谐，极尽戏谑之事，风格有点像第一册的《谈结婚》，文中不免采用夸张的手法，因此我们在翻译“油头粉面衣冠楚楚的“时，在不影响原文风格的情况下，译出基本意思即可
有些男人，西装裤尽管挺直，他的耳后脖根，土壤肥沃，常常宜于种麦！袜子手绢不知随时洗涤，常常日积月累，到处塞藏，等到无可使用 时，再从那一堆污垢存货当中拣选比较干净的去应急。有些男人的手绢，拿出来硬像是士灰面制的百果糕，黑糊糊粘成一团，而且内容丰富，男人的一双脚，多半好像是天然的具有泡菜霉干菜再加糖蒜的味道，所谓“濯足万里流”是有道理的，小小的一盆水确是无济于事，然而多少男人却连这一盆水都吝而不用;怕伤元气，两脚既然如此之脏，偏偏有些“逐臭之夫”喜于脚上藏垢纳污之处往复挖掘，然后嗅其手指，引以为乐！多少男人洗脸都是专洗本部，边疆一概不理，洗脸完毕，手背可以不湿，有的男人是在结婚后才什始刷牙。“扪虱而谈”的是男人。男人的脏大概是由于懒。
Some men, although they wear smooth-ironed Western style pants, leave much dirt behind their ears and around their necks---so much that it is good enough for growing wheat! Their unwashed socks and handkerchiefs accumulate and are left here and there in unseen corners. When no more clean ones are available, some of the less dirty ones are picked out from the filthy stock to meet an urgent need. Men' s handkerchiefs, curled up into blackened balls, look like fruit cakes made of wholemeal flour and have a very rich content of their own. Men's feet, for the most part, seen to have a distinctive smell of their own, like that or pickles, dried vegetables and sweetened garlic all mixed together. There is some truth in the saying: "The running water of a long river is good for washing one's feet." Therefore, it goes without saying that a small basin of water will hardly suffice for the same purpose. But lots of men begrudge using even a mere basin of water to wash their feet---perhaps for fear of sapping their vitality and spirit! Dirty as their feet are, some men are so eccentric as to indulge in passing their fingers repeatedly among their stinking toes and then smelling their fingers with gusto . Some men, when they wash up, they concentrate only on the face proper , without touching the rest of the head and without wetting the back of the hand. Some do not brush their teeth until after they get married. The addiction to "chatting while cracking body lice with fingernails'' is unique to men only. Probably, men's uncleanliness is due to their laziness.
要点：
1， smooth-ironed Western style pants意即“笔挺的西装裤“，”笔挺的“可译为streched,译者译为复合词smooth-ironed，拉长了句子的长度，增加了读者阅读的时间，使得形容词更具动感，讽刺意味更浓~
2， “有些男人的手绢，拿出来硬像是士灰面制的百果糕，黑糊糊粘成一团，而且内容丰富，“译为Men' s handkerchiefs, curled up into blackened balls, look like fruit cakes made of wholemeal flour and have a very rich content of their own（虽然看完这个整个人都不好了，可是还是要分析一下~~）译文依然遵循了”像…”要放在最后的规则，调整语序，of their own意为“属于他们的，他们自己的”属增益成分，让译文的语义更加完整~
3， “濯足万里流”出自晋代左思的《咏史八首》，意即“在长河中洗脚“体现了一种放达的人生态度~翻译时译者根据上下文意思，译为The running water of a long river is good for washing one's feet，古文的翻译，重在理解~
4， it goes without saying that…意即“毫无疑问，不言而喻“，用烦了doubt的亲们可以这个丰富自己的译文~
5， “偏偏有些“逐臭之夫”喜于脚上藏垢纳污之处往复挖掘，然后嗅其手指，引以为乐“译为some men are so eccentric as to indulge in passing their fingers repeatedly among their stinking toes and then smelling their fingers with gusto。其中”逐臭之夫“可略去不译，因其上下文已经体现了这个词的含义；”引以为乐“修饰的是抠脚这件事，可以译为状语修饰整个句子~so eccentric as to是增译部分，一是串句需要，二是增加行文的表现力~
6， “专洗本部“译为concentrate only on the face proper，proper在此做副词，译为”精准地，”属增译成分，突出了作者的讽刺语气
7， “扪虱而谈”意为字面意思是一面捺着虱子，一面谈着，译为The addiction to "chatting while cracking body lice with fingernails''，the addiction也是增益成分~
综述：
适当使用增益成分可以使译文更加生动形象，增加行文的表现力~童鞋们好好分析张爷爷的译文，分析其形式，出现的时机语境，多多积累~
对了！男人懒。他可以懒洋洋坐在旋倚上，五官四肢，连同他的脑筋(假如有)，一概停止活动，像呆鸟一般：“不闻夫博奔者乎……”那段话是专对男人说的。他若是上街买东西，很少时候能令他的妻子满意，他总是不肯多问几家，怕跑腿，怕费话，怕讲价钱。什么事他都嫌麻烦，除了指使别人替他做的事之外。他像残废人一样，对于什么事都愿坐享其成，而名之曰“室家之乐”。
Indeed, men are lazy. You will find them lolling in a revolving chair, dumb like a wooden chicken, their five sense organs, their four limbs as well as their brain (if any) all at a complete standstill. What Confucius says all about those who eat their fill all day without doing any work obviously refers to men exclusively. When men go shopping, their wives are seldom satisfied with their purchases because they never bother to shop around never bother to do more walking and talking, never bother to bargain over prices. They hate to be bothered about anything except that which is to be done on their behalf by others. Like disabled persons they will sit idle to enjoy the fruits of other's labour. And they call all that "domestic bliss"!
要点：
1，“不闻夫博奔者乎……”指孔子讲的一段话：“饱食终日，无所用心，难矣哉，不有博弈者乎，为之，犹贤乎已”现结合上下文，仅译开头，those who eat their fill all day without doing any work
2，“他若是上街买东西”译为When men go shopping，简洁，地道~
3，“他总是不肯多问几家”译为never bother to shop around，shop around意为“货比三家”“逐店选购”，
4，”坐享其成” 意思为 自己不出力而享受别人取得的成果,故译为sit idle to enjoy the fruits of other's labour
5，“室家之乐”意即家庭的乐趣，译为domestic bliss
综述：本段用了很多形象化的动词以及形容词将男人的懒癌描写得惟妙惟肖，比如loll， dumb，sit idle~
