Means of Delivery
传递的方式

By Joshua Cohen
[美]乔舒亚 科恩

译者:吴洪

Smuggling Afghan heroin or women from Odessa would have been more reprehensible, but more logical. You know you’re a fool when what you’re doing makes even the post office seem efficient. Everything I was packing into this unwieldy, 1980s-vintage suitcase was available online. I don’t mean that when I arrived in Berlin I could have ordered more Levi’s 510s for next-day delivery. I mean, I was packing books.
相比之下,从阿富汗走私海洛因或从熬德萨贩运妇女虽然更令人不齿,但也更具合理性。当你做的事情让邮局都显得更加高效的话,那你准是在做傻事了。我往那只笨重的、上世纪八十年代古董行李箱里塞进去的东西其实都是能网购的。当然,我不是指到了柏林后可以多订购几条并在第二天就能送达的李维斯510款牛仔裤;我是指打包进去的书。

Not just any books — these were all the same book, multiple copies. “Invalid Format: An Anthology of Triple Canopy, Volume 1” is published, yes, by Triple Canopy, an online magazine featuring essays, fiction, poetry and all variety of audio/visual culture, dedicated — click “About” — “to slowing down the Internet.” With their book, the first in a planned series, the editors certainly succeeded. They were slowing me down too, just fine.
还不是普通的书——都是同一本书,许多册复本。是的,它是由三冠出版的《无效格式:三冠选集之卷一》。三冠是一个以随笔、小说、诗歌以及各种视听文化为主的在线杂志,其宗旨是——点击网页上的“关于”可以知道——放慢互联网的速度。随着系列计划中的第一本书的出版,编辑们显然取得了成效。他们也放慢了我的速度,挺好。

“Invalid Format” collects in print the magazine’s first four issues and retails, ideally, for $25. But the 60 copies I was couriering, in exchange for a couch and coffee-press access in Kreuzberg, would be given away. For free.
《无效格式》合集印刷了该杂志的前四期内容,还有个不错的零售价:25美元。但我要运送的这60本书是免费派送的。作为交换,我可以在克洛伊茨贝格书展上得到一个休息的座位和进出新闻发布会的许可。

Until lately the printed book changed more frequently, but less creatively, than any other medium. If you thought “The Quotable Ronald Reagan” was too expensive in hardcover, you could wait a year or less for the same content to go soft. E-books, which made their debut in the 1990s, cut costs even more for both consumer and producer, though as the Internet expanded those roles became confused. Self-published book properties began outnumbering, if not outselling, their trade equivalents by the mid-2000s, a situation further convoluted when the conglomerates started “publishing” “self-published books.” Last year, Penguin became the first major trade press to go vanity: its Book Country e-imprint will legitimize your “original genre fiction” for just under $100. These shifts make small, D.I.Y. collectives like Triple Canopy appear more traditional than ever, if not just quixotic — a word derived from one of the first novels licensed to a publisher.
相对于其他媒体而言,纸质图书的变化虽然频繁,但创意不够。这种情况直到近期才有所改观。如果你觉得精装的《罗纳德 里根言论集》太贵,你可以等上一年半载再去买同样内容的平装本。二十世纪九十年代问世的电子书更加节省了读者和出版商双方的开支;尽管随着互连网的扩展这两者的脚色变得模糊不清了。到了2005年前后,自费出版物已经在数量上——即便还没有在销量上——超过了传统的商业出版物。随着大型出版集团也开始涉足自费出版的领域,这一局面变得更加复杂。去年,企鹅成为第一家赶时髦的大型出版商:它旗下的“书国电子印刷”只需花费你不到一百美元就能正式出版你的“原创类型小说”。这些变化使得三冠出品的小规模、自助类的选本显得愈加传统,如果不仅是唐吉诃德式的话——这个词还源自历史上最早授权给出版商的小说之一。

Kennedy Airport was no problem, my connection at Charles de Gaulle went fine. My luggage connected too, arriving intact at Tegel. But immediately after immigration, I was flagged. A smaller wheelie bag held the clothing. As a customs official rummaged through my Hanes, I prepared for what came next: the larger case, casters broken, handle rusted — I’m pretty sure it had already been Used when it was given to me for my bar mitzvah.
在肯尼迪机场没有遇到任何问题;在戴高乐机场的转机也很顺利。我的行李完好无损地运抵了泰格尔机场。但一出海关,我就被拦下了。一只小拦杆箱里装的是我的衣物。当一名海关官员在翻弄我的恒适内衣时,我已经在为接下来的麻烦做准备了:那只大箱子,脚轮坏了,把手锈了——我敢肯定它当作成年礼的礼物送给我时早已被用过了。

Before the official could open the clasps and start poking inside, I presented him with the document the Triple Canopy editor, Alexander Provan, had e-mailed me — the night before? two nights before already? I’d been up one of those nights scouring New York City for a printer. No one printed anymore. The document stated, in English and German, that these books were books. They were promotional, to be given away at universities, galleries, the Miss Read art-book fair at Kunst-Werke.
没等那位官员打开锁扣进行翻查,我先递给他一份由三冠社的编辑亚力山大 普洛文电邮给我的文件——是前一天晚上发的?还是两天前?反正有一个晚上我整夜没睡地在纽约遍地找打印机。如今没人还在打印东西了。文件上用英文和德文说明:这些书就是书。它们是用作宣传的,将在大学、美术馆、以及柏林KW阅读小姐艺术书展上免费发放。

“All are same?” the official asked.“
都是同一本书?”官员问。

“Alle gleich,” I said.“
同一本,”我用德语回答。

An older guard came over, prodded a spine, said something I didn’t get. The younger official laughed, translated, “He wants to know if you read every one.”
一个上了年纪的警卫走过来,戳了戳书脊,说了几句我没听懂的话。年轻的官员笑着翻译道,“他想知道你是否每本都读了。”

At lunch the next day with a musician friend. In New York he played twice a month, ate food stamps. In collapsing Europe he’s paid 2,000 euros a night to play a quattrocento church.
第二天和一位搞音乐的朋友一起午餐。在纽约他一个月演奏两次,领政府的食品卷。在经济崩溃的欧洲他演奏一晚文艺复兴时期的宗教音乐可以挣2000欧元。

“Where are you handing the books out?” he asked.
“你打算在哪里分发这些书?”他问。

“At an art fair.”
“在艺术展上。”

“Why an art fair? Why not a book fair?”
“为什么是艺术展,不是书展?”

“It’s an art-book fair.”
“是个艺术图书展。”

“As opposed to a book-book fair?”
“相对于一般的图书展而言的?”

I told him that at book-book fairs, like the famous one in Frankfurt, they mostly gave out catalogs.
我告诉他在一般的图书展上,比如著名的法兰克福书展,他们顶多发些图书目录。

Taking trains and trams in Berlin, I noticed: people reading. Books, I mean, not pocket-size devices that bleep as if censorious, on which even Shakespeare scans like a spreadsheet. Americans buy more than half of all e-books sold internationally — unless Europeans fly regularly to the United States for the sole purpose of downloading reading material from an American I.P. address. As of the evening I stopped searching the Internet and actually went out to enjoy Berlin, e-books accounted for nearly 20 percent of the sales of American publishers. In Germany, however, e-books accounted for only 1 percent last year. I began asking the multilingual, multi-ethnic artists around me why that was. It was 2 a.m., at Soho House, a private club I’d crashed in the former Hitler-jugend headquarters. One installationist said, “Americans like e-books because they’re easier to buy.” A performance artist said, “They’re also easier not to read.” True enough: their presence doesn’t remind you of what you’re missing; they don’t take up space on shelves. The next morning, Alexander Provan and I lugged the books for distribution, gratis. Question: If books become mere art objects, do e-books become conceptual art?
在柏林乘坐火车和电车时,我注意到人们都在看书。我指的是真正的书,而不是巴掌大小像探测器似的毕毕作响的电子设备;在那上面读莎士比亚也像是在流览表格。全球销售的电子书有一半是美国人买的——除非有欧洲人定期飞往美国,专程为了用美国的IP地址下载读物。就在我停止上网、真正出门去享受柏林生活的那个晚上作个统计的话,电子书占了美国出版业百分之二十的销售额;而在德国,去年的电子书的销量只占百分之一。我开始向周围那些会讲多种语言、涉及多个种族的艺术家门询问其原因。那是凌晨两点,在苏荷馆。那是一个我擅自闯入的私人会所,以前曾经是希特勒青年团的总部。一位装置艺术家说,“美国人喜欢电子书是因为购买容易。”一位行为艺术家说,“买了不读也容易。”确实如此:电子书不会提醒你遗漏了什么,它们不占书架的空间。第二天早上,亚力山大 普洛文和我拖着书去分发,免费的。突然想到个问题:如果图书只是艺术品,电子书可以称为概念艺术吗?

Juxtaposing psychiatric case notes by the physician-novelist Rivka Galchen with a dramatically illustrated investigation into the devastation of New Orleans, “Invalid Format” is among the most artful new attempts to reinvent the Web by the codex, and the codex by the Web. Its texts “scroll”: horizontally, vertically; title pages evoke “screens,” reframing content that follows not uniformly and continuously but rather as a welter of column shifts and fonts. Its closest predecessors might be mixed-media Dada (Duchamp’s loose-leafed, shuffleable “Green Box”); or perhaps “I Can Has Cheezburger?,” the best-selling book version of the pet-pictures-with-funny-captions Web site ; or similar volumes from and . These latter books are merely the kitschiest products of publishing’s recent enthusiasm for “back-engineering.” They’re pseudoliterature, commodities subject to the same reversing process that for over a century has paused “movies” into “stills” — into P.R. photos and dorm posters — and notated pop recordings for sheet music.
在书中并置地编排医生作家瑞夫卡 盖尔芩的精神病例记录和配有醒目图片的奥尔良遭受重灾的调查报告,《无效格式》在用文本重塑网络、用网络重塑文本上作了极富艺术性的新尝试。它的正文卷轴似地展开,有横向的,也有纵向的;标题页给人以“屏幕”的感觉;后面内容的排列也毫不统一和连贯,更像是杂乱无章的字行跳跃和铅字的堆砌。和它最相近的前身也许是混合媒介达达派作品(例如杜尚的活页绿盒子);或者是《我能吃乳酪汉堡吗?》,一个登载动物图片和搞笑文字的同名网站的畅销图书版;亦或者是相似的《白人的怪癖》、《滑稽家庭照》等诸如此类的网站的图书版。这些书不过是出版业近来热衷于“逆向工程”的媚俗之极的产物。它们是伪文学,是同一种反向过程下的产物;这种过程在过去的一个世纪里把电影停顿为“定格画面”——成了“宣传海报”和“宿舍招贴画”——把流行唱片记录成了散页乐谱。

Admittedly I didn’t have much time to consider the implications of adaptive culture in Berlin. I was too busy dancing to “Ich Liebe Wie Du Lügst,” a k a “Love the Way You Lie,” by Eminem, and falling asleep during “Bis(s) zum Ende der Nacht,” a k a “The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn,” just after the dubbed Bella cries over her unlikely pregnancy, “Das ist unmöglich!” — indeed!
说实话,我在柏林没有太多时间去思考适应性文化的含意。我忙着跟随“Ich Liebe Wie Du Lugst” ,也就是艾米纳姆11 的“爱你说谎的样子”的音乐一个劲地跳舞;然后在“Bis(s) zum Ende der Nacht ”,也就是“暮光之城”播到贝拉的配音演员为她意外的怀孕尖叫道“这不可能!”时睡着了——真是这样。

Translating mediums can seem just as unmöglich as translating between unrelated languages: there will be confusions, distortions, technical limitations. The Web and e-book can influence the print book only in matters of style and subject — no links, of course, just their metaphor. “The ghost in the machine” can’t be exorcised, only turned around: the machine inside the ghost.
不同媒体间的转换就好比两种不相关的语言的翻译一样不可能;会有混淆、曲解和技术上的限制。网络和电子书只能在样式和题材上影响纸质书——它们当然不是链接的关系,只是隐喻关系。“机器中的鬼魂”不能被驱除,只好换个位:“鬼魂中的机器。”

As for me, I was haunted by my suitcase. The extra one, the empty. My last day in Kreuzberg was spent considering its fate. My wheelie bag was packed. My laptop was stowed in my carry-on. I wanted to leave the pleather immensity on the corner of Kottbusser Damm, down by the canal, but I’ve never been a waster. I brought it back. It sits in the middle of my apartment, unrevertible, only improvable, hollow, its lid flopped open like the cover of a book.
我呢,则被行李箱搅得心神不宁——那只多余的空箱子。我在克洛伊茨贝格的最后一天一直都在考虑它的去处。我的拉杆箱整理好了,电脑也装进了随身带的包里。我想把这只人造革的大家伙丢在运河边的科特布斯大街的角落里。但我生性节约,最终还是把它带了回来。如今它就摆放在我寓所的中央,原貌已无法复原,只有少许恢复的空间。箱内空空如也,箱盖打开着,像一本书的封面。

注释:

1. 乌克兰南部城市。

2.美国著名牛仔裤品牌。

3.原文为Triple Canopy。

4.位于柏林的一个艺术家聚集区。

5.英国大型出版集团。

6.由小说《唐吉诃德》的主人公名字衍生的词,有“理想主义”、“不切实际”、“愚腐落后”等意思。

7.原文为Hanes,美国的内衣品牌。

8.原文为Kunst-Werke,是柏林的一个艺术学院。

9.法国达达主义艺术代表杜尚将他创作过程中的手稿和笔记印刷成页,一张张不固定地放置在一个绿盒子里,故命名为《绿盒子》。

10.歌曲“爱你说谎的样子”的德文。

11.美国说唱歌手。

12.电影“暮光之城”的德文。

13.原文这里用的是德语。

14.“不可能”一词用的是德文。

15.源自英国哲学家吉尔伯特 莱尔的著作《心的概念》,表示心灵和身体的存在方式。作者在此用来比喻电子书和纸质书的关系。