词汇:
1. meteorit 陨石,陨星
2. asteroid (火星和木星轨道间)小行星
3. obliterate 除去,消减……痕迹
4. crater 火山口,陨石坑
5. mare 海,(也指月亮,火星上的)阴暗区
6. impact 撞击
7. impact crater 陨石坑,撞击火山
8. brecciate 合成角砾岩
the zone of brecciation 角砾岩地带
9. mantle 地幔
10. stress 应力
local stress 局部(本身)应力
11. sialic 硅铝的
12. probability 概率,可能性
13. disseminate 传播,分散,浸染
14. morphology 组织,结构,形态(学)
15. astral 星(星状体)的

难句译注:

1. Unfortunately, the geological evolution of the Earth’s surface has had an obliterating effect onthe original composition and structure of the continents to such an extent that further terrestrialinvestigations have small chance of arriving at an unambiguous answer to the question ofcontinental origin.
[结构简析] 句中用such…that 句型。
[参考译文] 遗憾的是,地球表面的地质变化对大陆原始结构和组成起了抹煞的作用。这种消除作用达到了这种程度,使进一步的大陆的研究工作很难对大陆起源问题去得明确的答案。

2. In the case of both the Moon and Mars. It is generally concluded from the appearance of theirheavily cratered surfaces that they have been subjected to bombardment by large meteoroidsduring their geological history.
[结构简析] in the case of 就……说,至于……,论到。
[参考译文] 拿月亮和火星来说,一般都从它们表面严重的陨石坑得出结论:它们在其地质进化过程中遭到过巨大的陨星的撞击。

3. Two major difficulties inherent in this concept are the lack of any known sialic meteorites, andthe high probability that the energy of impact would result in a wide dissemination of sialic material,rather than its concentration at the point of impact.
[结构简析] that clause 是high probability 的说明同位语。
[参考译文] 这一概念本身固有的两大难点是缺乏任何已知的硅铝陨石和下列现象的高概率:即撞击的能量会导致硅铝材料广泛分散,而不是集中于撞击点上。

写作方法与文章大意:

文章一开始就说明了此文论述“大陆核生成过程中大的陨星的撞击作用。”由于地球表面地质进化抹去了大陆原始结构和组成的痕迹,只好由月亮和火星作为研究对象来说明地球。从三方面来论述:一是鲍德温的方程式,深度和宽度;二是硅铝组成;三是海洋盆地。最后结论。