悬垂修饰语（dangling modifiers）

所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语和后面的短语逻辑关系不清，如：

1. At the age of ten, my grandfather died.

分析：

这句话“At the age of ten”只指出10岁时，但并没有指出谁10岁时，按照一般的推理不可能是“my grandfather”，如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确点，句子就不会引起别人误解了。

改为：When I was ten, my grandfather died.

2. To do well in college, good grades are essential.

分析：

句中不定式“To do well in college”逻辑主语不清。

改为：To do well in college, a student needs good grades.

词性误用（misuse of parts of speech）

分析认为，词性误用通常表现为：介词当动词用，形容词当副词用，名词当动词用等，如：

1. None can negative the importance of money.

分析：

Negative是形容词，误作动词使用。

改为：None can deny the importance of money.

指代不清（ambiguous reference of pronouns）

指代不清主要指代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后使用的代词不一致，如：

1. Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to become her bridesmaid.

分析：

读完上面这句话后，作者无法明确判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象明确，意思就一目了然了。

改为：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to become her bridesmaid.

2. We can also know the society by serving it yourself.

分析：

句中代词we和反身代词yourself指代不一致。

改为：We can also know the society by serving it ourselves. 最后，分享一个不错的雅思课程：class.hujiang.com/course/159786