Ⅱ.重点句型详解

1．As Victor Hugo once said, “Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”， and up_to_now_nobody has been able to do this better_than Charlie Chaplin. 维克多•雨果曾经说过，“笑容如阳光，驱走人们脸上的冬天”。关于这一点，直到今天也没有人能比查理•卓别林做得更好。

(1)as在此引导定语从句，修饰后面整个句子，此时，定语从句的位置比较灵活，可放在句首、句中或句末，译为“正如，正像”。

①As all his friends agree, he was unusually warm－hearted, loving and generous.正如他所有的朋友都认为的那样，他非常热心、可亲、慷慨。

②I am as you can imagine short enough of money.正如你所想象的那样，我很缺钱。

③He was a teacher, as was clear from his manner.正如根据他的举止所断定的，他是一位老师。

(2)up to now 意为“迄今；到现在为止”，是多用于现在完成时的时间状语，常可与 until now, by now, so far 互换。

①Up to now, about 30 foreign companies have set up branches in this developing zone.到现在为止，已有大约30家外国公司在这个开发区设立了分公司。

②They have raised more than $1 000 000 for this project up to now/until now/so far.到目前为止，他们已经为这个项目筹集到一百多万美元了。

(3)．..nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.当形容词或副词的比较级出现在否定句中时，往往不表示否定的意义而是表示充分的肯定。

—I think students should have more of their own time. Don‘t you think so?我认为学生应该有更多的属于他们自己的时间。你不这么认为吗？

—I can’t agree more. (＝I completely agree.)完全赞同。

[即境活用1]

—Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away?
—Thank you. ______.

A．It couldn‘t be better　　 B．Of course you can
C．If you like D．It's up to you

答案：A

解析：It couldn't be better. “再好不过了”，相当于 It's the best.

2．“Well, it certainly will be this morning，” the man said, “because I happen_to_be flying it！”“啊，那今天上午肯定要晚点了，”那人说，“因为碰巧我要驾驶那班飞机！”

happen to do/be 碰巧

句型 Sb. happens to do sth.可以转换成 It happens that sb. does sth.，但使用时要注意复合句中从句谓语的时态要与简单句中的动词不定式的形式相呼应。

①When I went to see him, he happened to be away on holiday.
(＝When I went to see him, it happened that he was away on holiday.)我去看他时，他碰巧在外度假。

②Joseph came to borrow my skiing boards yesterday, but I happened to have lent them to my cousin last week.(＝...but it happened that I lent them to my cousin last week.)约瑟夫昨天来借滑雪板，不巧的是我上星期借给我的表弟了。

[即境活用2]　

When the bridge fell down, several cars happened ______ on it.
A．to run B．running
C．to be running D．that they were running

答案：C

解析：句意：那座桥坍塌时，正巧有好几辆汽车正在上面行驶。happen to do 中不定式根据语境可选择不同的形式。

3．The tramp, a poor and homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn－out shoes and a_small_round_black_hat. 这个流浪汉，一个留着小胡子的穷苦的无家可归的人，穿着大裤子、破鞋子，头顶着黑色的小圆帽。

a small round black hat 中的 hat前有三个形容词做定语，在英语中多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序是：限制词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词)＋数词(序数词、基数词)＋描绘性形容词(nice, good, interesting, beautiful...)＋特征形容词(大小、长短、高低、形状、年龄、新旧)＋颜色形容词＋国籍、出处＋物质、材料＋用途、类别＋中心名词。我们可以用下面的一段顺口溜来帮助记忆：
限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老。
颜色国籍出材料，作用类别紧跟着。

①all these last few years 所有这些逝去的岁月

②some beautiful little red flowers 一些美丽的小红花

③the first beautiful white Chinese military jeep第一辆漂亮的白色中国军用吉普车

[即境活用3]　

—Is it Jim who is driving the new car?
—Probably. I know he has recently bought a ______ car.
A．shiny black German
B．black shiny German
C．shiny German black
D．black German shiny

答案：A

解析：考查形容词的排列顺序。

易 错 点 拨

自我完善•误区备考

(1)direct 用于具体意义，指“中途不停地，径直地”。

(2)directly 多用于抽象意义，表示“直接地”，还有“立即，马上”等意思。directly 还可用做连词引导时间状语从句，相当于 as soon as。

[应用1]　用 direct和directly 填空

(1)___________ he came in, everyone was quiet.

(2)He went ______ to the airport.

(3)The measure affects me __________.

答案：Directly；direct；directly

2. especially/specially/particularly

(1)especially 强调程度，意为“特别，尤其”。

(2)specially 强调目的，多指为某一特定目的而专门做某事。

(3)particularly 表“特别地，尤其地”，可以与 especially 互换，但 particularly 还可作“详细地，细致地”讲。

[应用2]　用 especially, specially, particularly 填空

(1)The doctor told the patient ___________ not to drink.

(2)I like the country, ____________________in spring.

(3)Please describe the event fully and ______________.

答案：specially；especially/particularly；particularly