第二次世界大战结束后，世界各地经济萧条，成千上万的工人失业，过着饥寒交迫的生活。儿童的处境更糟，有的得了传染病，一批批地死去;有的则被迫当童工，受尽折磨，生活和生命得不到保障。为了悼念利迪策惨案和全世界所有在战争中死难的儿童，反对虐杀和毒害儿童，以及保障儿童权利，1949年11月，国际民主妇女联合会在莫斯科举行理事会议，中国和各国代表愤怒地揭露了帝国主义分子和各国反动派残杀、毒害儿童的罪行。为了保障世界各国儿童的生存权、保健权国际儿童节儿童作品画和受教育权，为了改善儿童的生活，会议决定以每年的6月1日为国际儿童节。当时的很多国家表示赞同，特别是社会主义国家。

世界上许多国家都将6月1日定为儿童的节日，尤其是在社会主义国家。在欧美国家，儿童节的日期各不相同，而且往往很少举行社会公众性的庆祝活动。因此有人误解为只有社会主义国家才将6月1日定为国际儿童节。

为了保障全世界儿童的权益，1949年11月，国际民主妇女联合会在莫斯科召开执委会决定，将每年6月1日作为国际儿童节。新中国成立后，中央人民政府政务院于1949年12月23日规定，将中国的儿童节与国际儿童节统一起来。

The establishment of the international children's day, and during the second world war massacre of a famous -- Lidice massacre of. In 1942 June, the German Fascist shot of the Czech village of Lidice men over the age of 16 citizens and all more than 140 babies, and women and 90 children taken to concentration camps. The village houses, buildings were burned, a village it was ruined by the German fascists. After the Second World War, the world economic recession, tens of thousands of workers unemployed, lived a life suffer hunger and cold. Children are worse, some got infectious diseases, batch to die; some were forced to as a child, suffering, life and life is not guaranteed. To mourn Lidice massacre and all of the world's children died in the war, against the killing and poisoning of children, and the protection of the rights of the child, in 1949 November, the International Democratic women's Federation Council meeting held in Moscow, China and representatives angry expose the imperialist reactionaries and killing, poisoned children's crimes. In order to protect the world's children International Children's survival, Health Festival children's painting works and the right to education, to improve the lives of children, the meeting decided in June 1st of each year as the international children's day. Then many countries agreed, especially the socialist countries.

Many countries in the wor rld will be June 1st as children's festival, especially in socialist countries. In Europe and the United States, children's Day date each are not identical, and there is often little celebrations. So it is misunderstood as only socialist countries will be in June 1st as the international children's day.

In order to protect the world of children's rights, in 1949 November, the International Democratic women's Federation held in Moscow board decided, in June 1st each year as the international children's day. After the founding of new China, the Central People's Government on December 23, 1949, the China children's day and international children's day together.