The Big-Picture Investor 粗放型投资者

You know your bottom line, but you don't keep track of every transaction or plan every action or expense. While this approach can be less stressful if you're able to consistently save and meet your financial goals, it can leave you unsure about exactly where your money is going and where you can cut back.
你知道自己的底线在哪里，不过你不会跟踪每一笔交易，或对每一个行动和每一笔支出进行计划。如果你能始终如一地存钱、达到自己的理财目标，这种做法的压力会较小。不过，你可能无法确定自己的钱都到了哪里，可以在哪些方面减少投资。

To avoid falling into a set-it-and-forget-itroutine and ending up with outdated and unsuccessful strategies for investing and saving, review your strategies at least once a year. For instance, the retirement-savings plan you started five years ago might not be on pace to fund the lifestyle you live today given the recession, so re-evaluate allocations at least once a year, says Carlo Panaccione, a financial planner in Redwood Shores, Calif.
为了避免陷入“决定完了就不再过问”的套路，避免以过时、失败的投资储蓄战略告终，你需要至少每年审视一下自己的战略。加州的一位理财顾问帕纳乔内 (Carlo Panaccione)说，举例来讲，由于衰退的出现，5年前你开始的退休储蓄计划可能无法满足眼下的生活方式，因此至少每年要对自己的资产配置重新评估一下。

Break down your expenses into two categories: 'necessities,' which would include mortgage payments, utility bills and food; and 'lifestyle,' optional costs such as cable television and gym memberships, says Larry Rosenthal, a financial planner near Washington, D.C. Tools at and Quicken's software allow you keep track of spending in each category.
华盛顿特区附近的理财顾问罗森塔尔(Larry Rosenthal)说，把自己的支出分成两个类别：必需品和非必需品。必需品包括抵押贷款还款、水电费和食品，非必需品包括有线电视和健身卡。 网站上的工具和Quicken的软件使你可以跟踪每个类别中的支出。

To monitor your spending, use a debit card or credit card instead of cash, says Mr. Place, and look at your accounts online at least once or twice a week. But make sure to pay off the credit-card balance each month.
普雷斯说，为了监控自己的支出情况，你要使用借记卡或信用卡，而不是现金；并且至少每周察看一两次网上帐户。不过，你要确保每个月把信用卡欠帐还清。

Meanwhile, online calculators such as the one offered by Discover Financial Services, , can help you devise a monthly plan for reaching a long-term savings goal.
与此同时，像Discover Financial Services （网址为）提供的这类网络计算器可以帮助你设计为实现长期储蓄目标每个月该有怎样的计划。

The Emotional Investor 冲动型投资者

Emotional investors are reactionary, often making financial decisions based on what's happening at the moment and ignoring long-term needs and goals.
感情用事的投资者往往冲动行事，常常以眼下的情况为基础作出理财决策，而忽视长期的需求和目标。

'They might look at it as 'Gee, my kid's education is really coming up soon, I have to focus on that and kind of put their retirement on the back burner,' says Mr. Panaccione.
帕纳乔内说，他们可能这样想：哎呀，我孩子的教育很快就得开始了，我必须专注这个问题，把我的退休计划放到一边。

For such investors, he suggests creating two lists: one with short-term goals, such as a vacation or car purchase, and one with long-term goals, such as saving for retirement.
对于这类投资者，他建议列出两份清单：短期目标，比如度假和买车；长期目标，比如为退休存钱。

Then, set up savings or investing accounts for each goal -- one account for, say, the purchase of a house, one for retirement and another for college tuition. To ensure that each portion is funded consistently, set up automatic deposits to each account, says Mr. Rosenthal.
然后，为每个目标开个储蓄或投资帐户。比如，一个帐户是为买房用的，一个为退休，一个为大学学费。罗森塔尔说，为了确保每个部分都有持续不断的资金，你需要为每个帐户开设一个自动存款功能。

Matt Havens, partner at Global Vision Advisors, a financial-services firm in Hingham, Mass., suggests forcing yourself to plan for emergencies by building a cash reserve to cover at least six months of expenses. Having that safety net will help you avoid an impulsive move.
马萨诸塞州金融服务公司Global Vision Advisors 合伙人黑凡斯(Matt Havens)建议，建立一个至少满足6个月支出的现金储备，从而强迫自己制定应急计划。有了这样的安全网络，就可以帮助你避免冲动行动。

And when it comes to investing, don't make drastic changes to your asset allocation. 'A main weakness of this group is that they tend to buy high and sell low because of emotion and fear,' says Bryan Hopkins, a financial planner in Anaheim Hills, Calif. It might help to sit down with a planner to create a long-term investment plan.
在投资方面，不要大幅改变自己的资产配置。加州一位理财顾问霍普金斯(Bryan Hopkins)说，感情用事型投资者的一个主要弱点是，他们往往受情绪和恐惧的倾向而高买低卖。和一位理财顾问坐下来一起制定一个长期的投资计划，这样做或许有帮助。