一、spend的主语通常是人,句型有:

1. (sb) spend some money/some time on sth

2. (sb) spend some money/some time (in) doing sth

例如:

I spent fifty yuan on the coat. = I spent fifty yuan (in) buying the coat. 我花50元买了这件大衣。

He spent three days on the work. = He spent three days (in) doing the work. 他干这项工作用了3天。

3. spend money for sth. 花钱买……

例如:His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。

二、take常用于“占用、花费”时间,后面常跟双宾语,其主语通常为形式主语"it"或物。句型有:

1. It takes/took sb. some time to do sth

例如:It will take me two days to do the work. 这项工作将会花去我2天时间。

2. Doing sth./sth. takes sb. some time.

例如:The work will take me two days. 这项工作将会花去我2天时间。

Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。

It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses. =Drawing the beautiful horses took me three years. 画这些漂亮的马花费了我3年时间。

三、pay为“付款、赔偿”之意,主语通常是人,句型有:

1. sb. pays some money for sth

例如: I paid fifty yuan for the coat. 我花50元买了这件大衣。

2. pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买……

例如:I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。

3. pay money back 还钱

例如:May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗?下周还你。

4. pay off one's money 还清钱

四、cost的主语是物或某种活动, 还可以表示“值”。句型有:

1. sth. costs (sb.) +money 某物花了(某人)多少钱

例如:A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。

2. (doing) sth. costs (sb.) +time  某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间

例如:Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。

注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。