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You Bet Your Life（以命相赌）

6. Some of the first commercial insurance companies began around 1580 in England. These companies were some of the first to accept payment for insurance. Fire insurance became more popular after the fire in London in 1666. This was one of the most terrible fires in history. It lasted for five days. London had to be rebuilt almost completely. No wonder that many people decided to try fire insurance after that.

6、1580年左右，英国第一批商业保险公司开始营业。这几家是最早接受为保险付费的公司中的一部分。1666年伦敦大火之后，火灾险变得普及。伦敦大火是历史上最严重的火灾之一，它持续了五天。伦敦几乎需要全部重建。难怪很多人在其后决定试买火灾险。

7. We think today's insurance companies are large, but there was also a pretty big company about two hundred years ago in England. The company still does business. The name of the company is Lloyd's of London. It carried more than ￡600,000 of insurance between 1793&1815. The England pound was then worth many times what it is worth today; so you can see how big Lloyd's was then. Of course, it didn't make money all the time. For example, around 1975 the company paid a claim of ￡190,000. In American money, that would be nearly half a million dollars.

7、我们觉得今天的保险公司都很大，但在200年前的英国，也有一家相当大的保险公司。这家名叫伦敦劳埃德的保险公司至今仍在营业，1793到1815年间，该公司包括了60万英镑保险。当时英镑的价值是它今天价值的很多倍，你可以想象当时的劳埃德公司有多大。显然，它不可能所有时间都赚钱。例如，1795年，它支付给客户19万英镑保险金。折算成美元，它差不多是五十万美金。

8. Lloyd’s has become famous for some of the unusual things it has insured. For instance Lloyd has insured against the birth of twins. If twins had been born to the family insured, the company would have had to pay a certain amount of money to the parents. You can see in this example that some insurance is a little like gambling. There have also been many cases of famous performers or athletes who have insured themselves against accidents. Suppose a very good actor feared that his looks could be injured. If they were, he would not be able to make a living as an actor. Therefore, he might attempt to insure himself against that possibility.

8、劳埃德之所以有名还因为它对一些非平常的事进行保险。例如它保险不生双胞胎。如果投险家庭生出双胞胎，保险公司将必须支付一定数量的钱给父母。在这个例子里，你能看到某些保险是有一点像赌博。还有些著名演员和运动员对他们在活动中的意外事故保险。假定一个非常好的演员害怕他的容貌可能受伤。如果事情发生了，他将不能作为演员赚钱生活。因此，他可能试图针对这种可能性保险他自身。

9. Now there are companies that will insure people for damage caused by a sonic boom. A sonic boom is the loud crash and shaking that happens when a jet plane goes faster than the speed of sound. When this happens, a shock wave hits the earth and may break windows or cause ceilings to crack. If you're not near an airport used by jets, you may not need to worry about sonic booms, but some people do suffer damage in this way. They want to make sure that they don't have to pay all the repair bills themselves.

9、现在，有些保险公司将对声爆对人们造成的损害保险。声爆是当喷气式飞机超音速行驶时产生的巨大碰撞和摇动声。当声爆发生时，冲击波击打地面，可能震破窗户或造成顶棚破裂。如果你不在靠近喷气机场的地方住，你不需要担心声爆，但是，某些人的确在这方面受到损害。他们希望得到保证，使自己不必付这些修理费。

10. From protection against enemies to social security to sonic booms, insurance has come a long way.

10、从保证不受敌人侵犯，到社会安全，到声爆，保险业走过了一条长长的路。

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