【TED】是一个会议的名称，它是英文technology,entertainment, design三个单词的首字母缩写。它是社会各界精英交流的盛会，这里有当代最杰出的思想家，这里有当代最优秀的科学家，这里有迸发着最闪耀的思想火花，这里孕育着最光辉的梦想。
Mark Pagel
Using biological evolution as a template, Mark Pagel wonders how languages evolve.

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【全文听写】
Hints：
accumulate
cumulative cultural adaptation
anthropologists
bustling
teeming
auditorium
iPads
iPods
We can learn. We can learn by watching other people and copying or imitating what they can do. We can then choose, from among a range of options, the best one. We can benefit from others' ideas. We can build on their wisdom. And as a result, our ideas do accumulate, and our technology progresses. And this cumulative cultural adaptation, as anthropologists call this a cumulation of ideas, is responsible for everything around you in your bustling and teeming everyday lives. I mean the world has changed out of all proportion to what we would recognize even 1,000 or 2,000 years ago. And all of this because of cumulative cultural adaptation. The chairs you're sitting in, the lights in this auditorium, my microphone, the iPads and iPods that you carry around with you -- all are a result of cumulative cultural adaptation.
我们有学习能力。我们可以通过观察别人，以及照搬或模仿别人所做的来学习。然后我们可以在一系列选择中挑选出最好的选择。我们可以汲取别人的想法，可以发展他人的智慧，所以我们的智慧可以累积，技术得以进步。这种人类学家所称的累积性的文化适应这种想法的积累，是你周围所有一切的根源，并存在于你繁忙和与人合作的日常生活中。这个世界跟一千或者两千年前相比，已经发生了翻天覆地的变化。这一切都归因于累积性文化适应。你们坐着的椅子、礼堂里的灯、我的手机、你们携带的iPad和iPod，这些都是累积性文化适应的产物。