【TED】是一个会议的名称,它是英文technology, entertainment, design三个单词的首字母缩写。TED是社会各界精英交流的盛会,它鼓励各种创新思想的展示、碰撞。


Martin Jacques
Martin Jacques is the author of "When China Rules the World," and a columnist for the Guardian and New Statesman. He was a co-founder of the think tank Demos.

三个基础理解中国:文明国邦,而非民族国家;汉民族为主体;家长式的政府管理


【这是新的TED演讲节目,每天下午2点更新,欢迎大家完善译文。】
【本段全文听写】



刚出了【TED演讲】的节目,欢迎订阅~

Hints:
West
Western state
Europe
North
America
aristocracy
significance
Or let me give you my third building block, the Chinese state. Now the relationship between the state and society in China is very different from that in the West. Now we in the West overwhelmingly seem to think -- in these days at least -- that the authority and legitimacy of the state is a function of democracy. The problem with this proposition is that the Chinese state enjoys more legitimacy and more authority amongst the Chinese than is true with any Western state. And the reason for this is because -- well, there are two reasons, I think. And it's obviously got nothing to do with democracy, because in our terms the Chinese certainly don't have a democracy. And the reason for this is, firstly, because the state in China is given a very special -- it enjoys a very special significance as the representative, the embodiment and the guardian of Chinese civilization, of the civilization state. This is as close as China gets to a kind of spiritual role. And the second reason is because, whereas in Europe and North America, the state's power is continuously challenged -- I mean in the European tradition, historically against the church, against other sectors of the aristocracy, against merchants and so on -- for 1,000 years, the power of the Chinese state has not been challenged. It's had no serious rivals. So you can see that the way in which power has been constructed in China is very different from our experience in Western history. The result, by the way, is that the Chinese have a very different view of the state. Whereas we tend to view it as an intruder, a stranger, certainly an organ whose powers need to be limited or defined and constrained, the Chinese don't see the state like that at all. The Chinese view the state as an intimate -- not just as an intimate actually, as a member of the family -- not just in fact as a member of the family, but as the head of the family, the patriarch of the family. This is the Chinese view of the state -- very, very different to ours. It's embedded in society in a different kind of way to what is the case in the West.
让我给出第三个基础理由, 中国式的国家。 现在在中国 国家和社会间的关系 非常不同于西方的那种关系。 在西方我们 绝大多数人似乎认为--至少在最近 国家的权威和合法性 是民主的一个功能。 有关这问题 是中国这个国家 对中国人民享有更多合法性 和更多权威性 这 比起 任何西方国家,它都是事实。 这个的原因 是因为 我认为有两个理由。 中国很明显与民主无关, 因为依我们来看,中国完全称不上是民主。 这个理由是, 首先,因为在中国,国家 是一个非常特别有所指的, 它享有一个非常特别的意义 作为中华文明的代表, 体现 和捍卫者, 也是代表中国国家的代表,化身和捍卫者。 这也接近中国有种 精神象征的作用。 第二个理由是因为, 反之在欧洲, 北美洲, 国家的权力不断受到挑战。 我指在欧洲历史传统, 历史上反对教堂, 反对其它各种贵族阶级, 反对商人等等 有1000年历史, 中国国家的权力 从来没被挑战过。 它没有真正的对手可抗衡。 所以大家可以看到 在中国已经建立的权力的方式 与我们西方历史的经验 非常不同。 顺便提一下,结果 是中国人看待国家有非常不同的视角。 鉴于我们倾向于把国家看作是一个入侵者, 一个陌生人, 当然是一个组织 它的权力需要被限制 或被界定和约束, 中国人可一点都不这样看待国家。 中国人视国家 作为一个亲密的朋友,也不止是作为一个密友, 作为家庭里的一员, 事实上也不止是家里一员, 而是一家之长, 家庭里的家长。 这是从中国视角来看待国家, 和我们的截然不同。 根植于中国社会的案例 与我们在西方的社会例证 是完全不同的。